Lentiviral transduction of HMOX1 shRNA and NTC shRNA (Ctrl) in WT Caco-2 IECs was performed and HO-1 protein was analyzed by ELISA (A). Expression of chemokines by confluent monolayers 4h after stimulation with IL-1β (10 ng/mL, unless otherwise stated) and/or TNF was compared to vehicle (Ctrl) in HMOX1 shRNA and Ctrl shRNA transduced Caco-2 IECs as measured by qPCR and ELISA for IL-8 (B–D), CCL20 (E), CXCL1 (F) and MCP1 (G). IL-1β (5 ng/mL) induced expression of IL-8 (H) and MCP1 (I) was also compared to vehicle in T84 HMOX1 shRNA and Ctrl shRNA IECs. Data represent combined results from at least 3 independent experiments. *, p <0.05; **, p <0.01; ***, p <0.001; ****, p <0.0001 compared to untreated ctrl or other comparison shown on graph. #, p <0.01 and ## p <0.0001 vs untreated ctrl HMOX1 shRNA group.