Left: selectivity for glucose over the other most abundant blood sugars, glucose and galactose, can be attained via stoichiometric control over the binding sites introduced into PMMA as described in reference 79. Each of the three sugars are at 0.005 M concentrations, approximating normal blood glucose levels and ca. 100-fold excesses of fructose and galactose. Right: Time-dependent study of polymer contraction in response to 0.005 M glucose added to human blood plasma. The hydrogel also displayed contraction factor degrees that were proportional to glucose concentrations spanning hypo-to hyperglycemic ranges. Samoei, G. K.; Wang, W. H.; Escobedo, J. O.; Xu, X.; Schneider, H.-J.; Cook, R. L,; Strongin, R. M. A chemomechanical polymer that functions in blood plasma with high glucose selectivity. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2006, 45, 5319-5322. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. [79].