Table 1.

Disease risks (LCRs relative to HCRs)

Metabolic syndrome (Wisloff et al. 2005)	↓ Hippocampal neurogenesis (Wikgren et al. 2012)	Exercise and longevity (Karvinen et al. 2015)
Low physical activity (Novak et al. 2010)	Fatty liver disease (Morris et al. 2014)	↑ Susceptibility to infectivity (Feng et al. 2015)
Response to training (Lessard et al. 2011)	Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration (Choi et al. 2014)	↓ Metabolic flexibility (Overmyer et al. 2015)
Premature aging (Koch et al. 2011)	↑ Vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (Hoydal et al. 2014)	Inducible cancer (H Thompson, unpubl.)

As predicted by the “energy transfer hypothesis” (ETH), disease risks segregated with selection for low-capacity runners (LCRs) and resistance to disease segregated with selection for high-capacity runners (HCRs).