Table 1.

Examples of text messages as designed by writers

	Gain-framed		Loss-framed
	Simple	Complex	Simple	Complex
Emotional	Yummy, pie! Nonsmokers can appreciate every single bite of homemade apple pie since the nicotine in cigs hasn’t ~ messed up their taste buds! :P	Avoiding cigarettes prevents halitosis. Nonsmokers are not exposed to the disgusting sulfur compounds ~ in tobacco that cause putrid, chronic morning breath! :)	Mike had a hot date on Friday but wouldn’t stop smoking cigs with his pals. ~ Now he has rotting yellow teeth & an imaginary date. :(	Devastating news! Smoking ‘light’ cigarettes will not protect the body from toxicity. ~ All cigarettes rip away approximately a decade from a smoker’s lifespan :(
Rational	With 7000+ toxic chemicals in cig smoke, the chances of a nonsmoker getting cancer is really low. Why? ~ They aren’t exposed to 60+ cancer-causing chemicals.	Were you aware? Avoiding exposure to chemicals in tobacco smoke can prevent premature skin aging. ~ Nonsmokers maintain skin elasticity by avoiding cigarettes.	Because smoking cigs raises ppl’s risk of a heart attack, using it is a bad health choice.	Annually, 16 million Americans have at least one severe disease due to smoking. ~ Smoking any cigarette, even ‘lights’, leads to difficulties maintaining body condition.