Functional localization of frequency-dependent response regions (FDRRs) in auditory cortex of three participants (a-c). Cortical hemisphere models of one participant (top panels) illustrate typical “cuts” (thin black outlines and black boxes) made to optimally view auditory cortex along the superior temporal plane and middle superior temporal gyri (mSTG) in this and subsequent figures. The cortical models of each hemisphere were slightly inflated and smoothed to facilitate viewing of Heschl’s complex, including Heschl’s gyrus (HG), Heschl’s sulcus (HS; white dotted line), and the first transverse sulcus (FTS; white dashed line). The fainter dashed outline in panel b (right) depicts a prominent FDRR defined by the BPNs. The dotted, dashed, and solid black FDRR outlines distinguish these three representative individuals in this and subsequent figures. Refer to text for FDRR outlining criteria.