Table 3.
Variables | Odds Ratio | [95% Confidence Interval] | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
ADULTS | ||||
| ||||
BCBS | Reference | |||
Medicaid | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.59 | <0.01 |
| ||||
Ophthalmologist | Reference | |||
Optometrist | 1.91 | 1.31 | 2.79 | <0.01 |
| ||||
Female sex of provider | Reference | |||
Male sex of provider | 1.21 | 0.81 | 1.82 | 0.36 |
| ||||
Maryland | Reference | |||
Michigan | 2.40 | 1.49 | 3.87 | <0.01 |
| ||||
Rural | Reference | |||
Urban | 0.66 | 0.40 | 1.09 | 0.11 |
| ||||
Minority Populationa | ||||
≤50% | Reference | |||
>50% | 1.13 | 0.67 | 1.90 | 0.66 |
| ||||
Median Household Incomea | ||||
$30,001 – 50,000 | Reference | |||
$50,001 – 70,000 | 1.32 | 0.76 | 2.29 | 0.32 |
$70,001 – 90,000 | 1.66 | 0.78 | 3.53 | 0.19 |
$90,001 + | 1.05 | 0.58 | 1.88 | 0.88 |
| ||||
CHILDREN | ||||
| ||||
BCBS | Reference | |||
Medicaid | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.60 | <0.01 |
| ||||
Ophthalmologist | Reference | 11.9 | ||
Optometrist | 8.00 | 5.37 | <0.01 | |
| ||||
Female sex of provider | Reference | |||
Male sex of provider | 0.99 | 0.65 | 1.50 | 0.95 |
| ||||
Maryland | Reference | |||
Michigan | 1.68 | 1.04 | 2.73 | 0.035 |
| ||||
Rural | Reference | |||
Urban | 0.59 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 0.033 |
| ||||
Minority Populationa | ||||
≤50% | Reference | |||
>50% | 0.62 | 0.36 | 1.08 | 0.092 |
| ||||
Median Household Incomea | ||||
$30,001 – 50,000 | Reference | |||
$50,001 – 70,000 | 0.99 | 0.57 | 1.70 | 0.96 |
$70,001 – 90,000 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 1.81 | 0.65 |
$90,001 + | 0.74 | 0.39 | 1.39 | 0.34 |
These data are for the counties in which practices were located