Table 1b.
Maternal and Offspring Characteristics by Categories of Average Number of Night Shifts per Month During Pregnancy, for 545 Mothers and the 545 Children, born between 1993 and 1995, Enrolled in GUTS2 with Whom They Were Pregnant During Reported Night Work.
| Characteristics | Average number of night shifts/month during pregnancy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n=435) |
<3 nights/mo (n=44) |
3–9 nights/mo (n=21) |
≥10 nights/mo (n=45) |
Any no. nights/mo (n=110) |
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| Mean (SD) | %a | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |
| Maternal age at delivery b | 34.9 (3.4) | 33.8 (2.5) | 34.4 (2.8) | 34.0 (3.1) | 34.0 (2.8) | |||||
| BMI before pregnancy, | 23.9 (4.5) | 23.1 (3.6) | 22.8 (3.4) | 24.1 (4.1) | 23.5 (3.8) | |||||
| AHEI c | 42.7 (9.9) | 44.4 (11.6) | 40.3 (8.9) | 38.4 (9.4) | 41.0 (10.5) | |||||
| Physical activity, METS/wk d | 23.2 (34.0) | 23.9 (27.2) | 13.3 (13.1) | 17.7 (19.6) | 19.3 (22.2) | |||||
| Smoking before pregnancy b | ||||||||||
| Never | 76.0 | 72.7 | 76.2 | 71.1 | 72.7 | |||||
| Past | 18.7 | 25.0 | 14.3 | 22.2 | 21.8 | |||||
| Current | 5.3 | 2.3 | 9.5 | 6.7 | 5.5 | |||||
| Husband holding a graduate degree | 29.4 | 22.7 | 33.3 | 24.4 | 25.5 | |||||
| Mom’s chronotype, | ||||||||||
| Definite morning type | 29.6 | 43.6 | 10.0 | 20.5 | 27.6 | |||||
| Intermediate type | 60.6 | 41.0 | 70.0 | 51.3 | 51.0 | |||||
| Definite evening type | 9.8 | 15.4 | 20.0 | 28.2 | 21.4 | |||||
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Nulliparity | 6.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 15.4 | 8.5 | |||||
| One previous pregnancy | 28.3 | 29.7 | 33.3 | 28.2 | 29.8 | |||||
| Two previous pregnancies | 32.7 | 37.9 | 33.3 | 23.1 | 30.8 | |||||
| Three previous pregnancies | 33.0 | 27.0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 30.9 | |||||
| History of rotating night shift work, | ||||||||||
| None | 34.7 | 6.8 | 14.3 | 35.6 | 20.0 | |||||
| <3 years | 36.6 | 40.9 | 33.3 | 24.4 | 32.7 | |||||
| 3–5 years | 21.6 | 31.8 | 38.1 | 24.4 | 30.0 | |||||
| ≥6 years | 7.1 | 20.5 | 14.3 | 15.6 | 17.3 | |||||
| Number of pregnancies, n | 435 | 44 | 21 | 45 | 110 | |||||
| Gestational Diabetes | 6.4 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.6 | |||||
| Pre-eclampsia | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.9 | |||||
| Gestational hypertension | 3.0 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 3.6 | |||||
| Cesarean delivery | 22.3 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 20.0 | 18.2 | |||||
| Gestational age ≥42 wks | 5.8 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 4.6 | |||||
| Maternal change in BMI, from before to after the current pregnancy | 0.8 (1.7) | 0.6 (1.9) | 0.8 (1.7) | 1.2 (2.0) | 0.9 (1.9) | |||||
| Offspring gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 45.3 | 52.3 | 47.6 | 42.2 | 47.3 | |||||
| Female | 54.7 | 47.7 | 52.4 | 57.8 | 52.7 | |||||
| Offspring age at baseline 2004 | 10.0 (0.6) | 9.9 (0.6) | 10.0 (0.6) | 10.0 (0.6) | 10.0 (0.6) | |||||
| Offspring Tanner stage e | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | |||||
| Offspring weekly hrs sedentary behavior e | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.9 (2.5) | 4.1 (2.4) | 3.7 (2.1) | |||||
Abbreviations: AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; METS, metabolic-equivalent hours; SD, standard deviation;
a
Percentages are of non-missing values.
b
Recorded on the most recent questionnaire prior to conception of first included offspring
c
Recorded in 1991
d
One metabolic-equivalent-hour is proportional to the amount of energy spent sitting quietly for one hour.
e
At GUTS2 baseline (2004)