Figure 8:

Modeling viral rebound following ART and immunotherapy. A) Design of a study in which two novel immunotherapies, a TLR7-agonist and a therapeutic vaccine (Ad26/MVA), where administered during ART treatment of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, followed by a treatment interruption (137). The time course of viral loads for one example animal is shown. B) A mathematical model of viral dynamics augmented to include an anti-viral immune response that is stimulated in a viral-load dependent way. C) Example time courses of viral load for one animal from each treatment group, along with fits to the model. Each animal was fit to the model individually in a Bayesian framework (with six estimated parameters), and maximum a posteriori values for each parameter were used to plot the results. D) Group mean values (for 8-9 animals per group) and standard deviations of two parameters that displayed significant variation between groups.