Table 3.

Retention in care among youth with at least two claims for addiction treatment.

Characteristic	Adjusted^a HR (95% CI)
Characteristic	Attrition from Any Addiction Treatment^b,c (n = 3,247)	Attrition from Behavioral Health Services^b (n = 2,885)
*Sociodemographic characteristics*
Age ≥21 years	1.63 (1.45 – 1.83)	1.59 (1.41 – 1.80)
Male sex	1.13 (1.03 – 1.24)	1.13 (1.02 – 1.24)
Non-Hispanic white	1.03 (0.93 – 1.14)	1.05 (0.94 – 1.18)
Medicaid-eligible due to disability	0.63 (0.49 – 0.80)	0.60 (0.46 – 0.78)
*Clinical characteristics*
Pregnancy^d	0.87 (0.75 – 0.99)	0.90 (0.77 – 1.04)
Comorbid behavioral health diagnosis (depression, anxiety, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)^d	1.04 (0.95 – 1.14)	1.01 (0.92 – 1.11)
Comorbid alcohol or other substance use disorder^d	1.02 (0.93 – 1.12)	1.00 (0.91 – 1.10)
Acute or chronic pain condition^d	0.92 (0.84 – 1.01)	0.92 (0.83 – 1.01)
*Treatment received*
Higher level of behavioral health services^e within 3 months of initiating episode of care	0.94 (0.85 – 1.02)	0.92 (0.83 – 1.01)
Received timely OUD medication within 3 months of diagnosis
No medication	Reference	Reference
Buprenorphine	0.58 (0.52 – 0.64)	0.73 (0.64 – 0.82)
Naltrexone	0.54 (0.43 – 0.69)	0.57 (0.44 – 0.73)
Methadone	0.32 (0.22 – 0.47)	0.47 (0.33 – 0.68)

^a.

Multivariable models included all covariates listed in table

^b.

Attrition defined as ≥60 days without any claims for services

^c.

Includes receipt of any behavioral health services or OUD medications

^d.

At or during the three months prior to receiving OUD diagnosis

^e.

Includes intensive outpatient treatment, partial hospitalization, residential care, or inpatient care