TABLE 2.
Metabolites reported to affect preimplantation development present in uterine horn ipsilateral to the side of ovulation within the first 7 days relative to ovulation
| Mode | Mass | Time | Putative identification | Action on preimplantation developmemt (species) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (−) | 152.0 | 0.80 | 3-Sulfino-L-alanine | Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
| (−) | 215.0 | 0.71 | Glucose/fructose | Phosphorylates mTORC1 and ribosomal S6 kinase1 (rabbit)2; Increased reactive oxygen species (mouse)3 |
| (−) | 217.0 | 0.71 | Glucose/fructose | Phosphorylates mTORC1 and ribosomal S6 kinase1 (rabbit)2; Increased reactive oxygen species (mouse)3 |
| (−) | 133.0 | 1.04 | Malate | Improve development to 8-cell stage (hamster)4 |
| (−) | 133.0 | 1.19 | Malate | Improve development to 8-cell stage (hamster)4 |
| (−) | 116.0 | 1.16 | N-Acetylglycine | Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
| (−) | 116.0 | 1.16 | N-Acetylglycine | Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
| (−) | 160.1 | 0.89 | N-Methyl-L-glutamate | Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
| (−) | 124.0 | 0.71 | Taurine | Increased embryo viability (bovine)5; Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
| (+) | 157.0 | 0.98 | (R)-Malate | Improve development to 8-cell stage (hamster)4 |
| (+) | 132.1 | 0.77 | 5-Aminolevulinic acid | Impaired development to the blastocyst stage (mouse)6 |
| (+) | 137.0 | 6.07 | Allopurinol | Inhibits morula and blastocyst formation (rabbit)7 |
| (+) | 391.3 | 16.57 | Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | Impaired development to the blastocyst stage (mouse)8 |
| (+) | 279.2 | 14.66 | Dibutyl phthalate | Impaired development to the blastocyst stage (mouse)8 |
| (+) | 162.1 | 0.94 | L-Carnitine | Decrease size of lipid bodies (mice)9; Increased rate of ATP:ADP conversion (bovine)10 |
| (+) | 132.1 | 2.51 | Leucine | Altered gene expression in mTORC dependent manner (rabbit)2 |
| (+) | 132.1 | 2.24 | Leucine | Regulated TE motility (mouse)11 |
| (+) | 150.1 | 1.62 | L-Methionine | Increase lipid accumulation and reduces methylation (bovine)12 |
| (+) | 223.1 | 12.40 | Monobutyl phthalate | Impaired development to the blastocyst stage (mouse)8 |
| (+) | 126.0 | 0.71 | Taurine | Increased embryo viability (bovine)5; Increase development to blastocyst stage (rats)1 |
4
Ain et al., 1997;
8
Chu et al., 2014;