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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2008 Jan 17;5(6 Suppl):S1–S6. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.01.016

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Induction of constitutively active acetylcholine-activated K+ current, CA IKACh, in human AF. Single channel IK1 and CA IKACh currents (A) and mean (±SE) open probabilities (B), recorded at -120 mV in atrial cells from patients in SR (□) and AF (■). *=P<0.05 vs SR. C, Potential signalling mechanism of increased CA IKACh in AF. In SR, IKACh may require channel phosphorylation by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (PK) II (CaMKII), PKG and PKC.12 In AF, CA IKACh may result from upregulation of PKCε.12 A&B based on data in10 with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.