Table.

Human atrial cellular electrophysiological changes associated with AF, ventricular dysfunction and drug therapy. Arrows show direction of change relative to “controls”. *=atrial dilation only. NDA=no data available. See text for definitions

Human atrial cell electrophysiological measurement	Chronic AF	Post-cardiac surgery AF	CHF, LVSD and/or atrial dilation	Chronic β1-blocker therapy
ERP	↓ 2	↔ 22	NDA	↑3,22,31
APD90	↓2,5-7	↔ 22	↑23,24 ↔25,26	↑22,31
APD50	↔2,6 ↑7	↔ 22	↔23,24 ↓26	↔3,31
AP Vmax	↔ 2	↔ 22	NDA	↔ 31
IK1	↑2,5,6,8-12	↔9,22	↓23 ↔*27	↓ 32
IKACh	↑5 ↓6,9,10,12	↔ 9	↓ 23	NDA
CA IKACh	↑10,12	NDA	NDA	NDA
Ip	↔ 13	NDA	NDA	NDA
IKATP	↓14 ↑15	NDA	↔ 24	NDA
INa	↔ 5	NDA	NDA	NDA
ITO	↓2,5,8,16,17	↔ 22	↑26 ↓*27,28	↓31,32
IKur (ISUS)	↓8,16 ↔2,5,17	↔ 22	↔25,26 ↔*28 ↓*27	↔31,32
ICaL	↓2,5,7,11,18-21	↑18 ↔22	↓29 ↔25,30 ↓*27	↔3,7,22,31,33
ICaL %↑ by β-stim	↑18-21	↔ 22	↓29,30	↔3,22
ICaL %↑ by 5-HT	↓ 7	NDA	↓ 29	↑7,33
INa/Ca, INa/H, IKr, IKs, ICl(swell), ICaB, If	NDA	NDA	NDA	NDA