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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2011 Oct 13;369(1952):3820–3839. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0126

Figure 1. The EEG slow (<1 Hz) rhythm and its cellular counterpart, the slow (<1 Hz) sleep oscillation, in cortical and thalamic neurons.

Figure 1

(A) Diagram of a thalamo-cortical module with its most relevant neurons and synaptic connections (thalamic interneurons and neocortical neurons other than those in layer 4 and 5/6 have been omitted for clarity). + and − indicate excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively. (B) The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm in the EEG (top trace) and its cellular counterpart, the slow (<1 Hz) oscillation, recorded in two different cortical neurons and in a TC and NRT neuron in vivo. Black arrows in the NRT and TC traces highlight the LTCP that is invariably present at the start of each UP states in thalamic neurons. Reproduced with permission from Crunelli & Hughes (2010).