TABLE 4. Associations between Breast-feeding Duration and Age of Starting Solid Feeding with High BMI (sex-specific BMI >90th centile) and Sum of Skinfolds at 5 years in Mysore, South India, 1997-2003.
Odds ratios and % change in sum of skinfolds are for a one category increase in breast-feeding (1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-16, 17-20 and 21+ months) and introduction of solids (≤3, 4, 5, 6+ months). To allow coefficients to be compared, all results are reported from the sample with complete data by each exposure (Final Model, n=484).
| Model* | High BMI | Sum of Skinfolds† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| OR (95% CI) | p value | % change | P value | |
| Breast Feeding Duration | ||||
| Unadjusted association for Breast-feeding Duration Effect | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.26 | −0.9 (−2.5 to 0.8) | 0.31 |
| Model 1: Socioeconomic Characteristics | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.11) | 0.27 | −0.8 (−2.5 to 0.8) | 0.33 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + Household Nutritional Status | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.17 | −1.0 (−2.6 to 0.7) | 0.24 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + Family History of Diabetes | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.17 | −1.0 (−2.6 to 0.7) | 0.25 |
| Model 4: Model 3 + Birth Outcomes | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) | 0.17 | −0.8 (−2.4 to 0.7) | 0.37 |
| Model 5: Model 4 + Age of Starting Solid Feeds | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) | 0.25 | −0.6 (−2.2 to 1.1) | 0.48 |
| Model 6: Model 5 + Child Gender and Current Age | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) | 0.26 | −0.6 (−2.2 to 1.0) | 0.47 |
| Age of Starting Solid Feeds | OR (95% CI) | p value | % difference | P value |
| Unadjusted association for Age of Starting Solid Feeds Effect | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.07) | 0.14 | −2.2 (−4.3 to 0.0) | 0.05 |
| Model 1: Socioeconomic Characteristics | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.08) | 0.15 | −1.8 (−3.9 to 0.4) | 0.10 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + Household Nutritional Status | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | 0.10 | −1.9 (−4.1 to 0.2) | 0.08 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + Family History of Diabetes | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.05) | 0.10 | −1.9 (−4.0 to 0.2) | 0.08 |
| Model 4: Model 3 + Birth outcomes | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.05) | 0.09 | −0.9 (−2.6 to 0.7) | 0.26 |
| Model 5: Model 4 + Breast-feeding Duration | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.08) | 0.14 | −1.8 (−3.9 to 0.4) | 0.11 |
| Model 6: Model 5 + Child Gender and Current Age | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.09) | 0.15 | −1.7 (−3.7 to 0.4) | 0.11 |
Variables included in final regression models: Socioeconomic characteristics (Block 1): Urban dwelling status, Kuppaswamy score, Maternal education; Household Nutritional Status (Block 2): Maternal BMI at 5-year follow-up; Family History of Diabetes; Birth Outcomes (Block 3): Birthweight, Gestational age; Infant feeding practices (Block 4): Either Breast-feeding duration or Age of Starting Solid Feeds, Child Gender; Current Age at Follow-Up.
Estimated percentage change in the geometric mean of sum of skinfold thickness (SSF) (subscapular and triceps) for a per category increase in exposure.