Malaria endemicity, its stratification and the mapping criteria of the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP). PfPR: Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate, PfAPI: Plasmodium falciparum annual parasite incidence, PfRo: basic reproductive number Plasmodium falciparum (see Supplementary Information SI), RM: Ross-Macdonald, IRS: indoor residual spraying, RxACT: radical treatment with artemisinin combination therapy; ITN: insecticide treated net, IRS: indoor residual spraying, IPT: intermittent presumptive therapy.