Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% CI) of incident diabetes for quantity of fruit, vegetables, and fruit and vegetable intake in the EPIC-Norfolk Study

	Tertiles of quantity of fruit intake
	Low	Medium	High	P for trend
Cases/total (n)	261/1,269	193/1,214	199/1,221
Median (IQR) intake (portions/d)	0.6 (0.3-0.9)	1.8 (1.5-2.1)	3.4 (2.9-4.4)
Model 1	1 (Reference)	0.72 (0.59-0.86)	0.77 (0.64-0.93)	0.004
Model 2	1 (Reference)	0.72 (0.59-0.87)	0.75 (0.61-0.91)	0.003
Model 3	1 (Reference)	0.81 (0.65-1.00)	0.91 (0.71-1.16)	0.46
	Tertiles of quantity of vegetable intake
Cases/total (n)	245/1,260	229/1,236	179/1,208
Median (IQR) intake (portions/d)	1.1 (0.8-1.3)	1.7 (1.6-1.9)	2.6 (2.3-3.1)
Model 1	1 (Reference)	0.91 (0.76-1.06)	0.72 (0.59-0.87)	0.001
Model 2	1 (Reference)	0.88 (0.73-1.06)	0.72 (0.58-0.87)	0.001
Model 3	1 (Reference)	0.91 (0.74-1.11)	0.76 (0.60-0.97)	0.03
	Tertiles of quantity of F&V intake
Cases/total (n)	268/1,277	188/1,206	197/1,221
Median (IQR) intake (portions/d)	2.1 (1.6-2.5)	3.7 (3.3-4.0)	5.7 (5.0-6.8)
Model 1	1 (Reference)	0.70 (0.58-0.84)	0.72 (0.60-0.87)	<0.001
Model 2	1 (Reference)	0.68 (0.56-0.82)	0.68 (0.56-0.83)	<0.001
Model 3	1 (Reference)	0.73 (0.60-0.90)	0.79 (0.62-1.00)	0.04

Data are HRs (and 95% CI) estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression, with age as the underlying time scale variable. Adjustment for covariates was performed using multivariable Prentice-weighted Cox proportional analyses.

Model 1 was adjusted for: sex.

Model 2 as model 1 plus: BMI, waist circumference, education level, Townsend Deprivation Index, occupational social class, smoking status, physical activity, family history of diabetes, energy intake, and season.

Model 3 as model 2 plus: fruit variety for fruit quantity, or vegetable variety for vegetable quantity or F&V variety for F&V quantity.