Skip to main content
Thorax logoLink to Thorax
. 2002 Jun;57(6):555–558. doi: 10.1136/thorax.57.6.555

Sleep disordered breathing and pregnancy

N Edwards 1, P Middleton 1, D Blyton 1, C Sullivan 1
PMCID: PMC1746354  PMID: 12037233

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (108.3 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Awe R. J., Nicotra M. B., Newsom T. D., Viles R. Arterial oxygenation and alveolar-arterial gradients in term pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Feb;53(2):182–186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bende M., Gredmark T. Nasal stuffiness during pregnancy. Laryngoscope. 1999 Jul;109(7 Pt 1):1108–1110. doi: 10.1097/00005537-199907000-00018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bourne T., Ogilvy A. J., Vickers R., Williamson K. Nocturnal hypoxaemia in late pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 1995 Dec;75(6):678–682. doi: 10.1093/bja/75.6.678. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brownell L. G., West P., Kryger M. H. Breathing during sleep in normal pregnant women. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jan;133(1):38–41. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1986.133.1.38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brunner D. P., Münch M., Biedermann K., Huch R., Huch A., Borbély A. A. Changes in sleep and sleep electroencephalogram during pregnancy. Sleep. 1994 Oct;17(7):576–582. doi: 10.1093/sleep/17.7.576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carlson J. T., Hedner J. A., Ejnell H., Peterson L. E. High prevalence of hypertension in sleep apnea patients independent of obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Jul;150(1):72–77. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.1.8025776. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Charbonneau M., Falcone T., Cosio M. G., Levy R. D. Obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy. Therapy and implications for fetal health. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Aug;144(2):461–463. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/144.2.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Conti M., Izzo V., Muggiasca M. L., Tiengo M. Sleep apnoea syndrome in pregnancy: a case report. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1988 Mar;5(2):151–154. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Craig D. B., Toole M. A. Airway closure in pregnancy. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1975 Nov;22(6):665–672. doi: 10.1007/BF03013314. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Driver H. S., Shapiro C. M. A longitudinal study of sleep stages in young women during pregnancy and postpartum. Sleep. 1992 Oct;15(5):449–453. doi: 10.1093/sleep/15.5.449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Edwards N., Blyton D. M., Kirjavainen T., Kesby G. J., Sullivan C. E. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure reduces sleep-induced blood pressure increments in preeclampsia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jul;162(1):252–257. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9905006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Franklin K. A., Holmgren P. A., Jönsson F., Poromaa N., Stenlund H., Svanborg E. Snoring, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and growth retardation of the fetus. Chest. 2000 Jan;117(1):137–141. doi: 10.1378/chest.117.1.137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Guilleminault C., Stoohs R., Clerk A., Cetel M., Maistros P. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome. Chest. 1993 Sep;104(3):781–787. doi: 10.1378/chest.104.3.781. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Haponik E. F., Smith P. L., Bohlman M. E., Allen R. P., Goldman S. M., Bleecker E. R. Computerized tomography in obstructive sleep apnea. Correlation of airway size with physiology during sleep and wakefulness. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Feb;127(2):221–226. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1983.127.2.221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hastie S. J., Prowse K., Perks W. H., Atkins J., Blunt V. A. Obstructive sleep apnoea during pregnancy requiring tracheostomy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Aug;29(3 Pt 2):365–367. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1989.tb01768.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hertz G., Fast A., Feinsilver S. H., Albertario C. L., Schulman H., Fein A. M. Sleep in normal late pregnancy. Sleep. 1992 Jun;15(3):246–251. doi: 10.1093/sleep/15.3.246. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Holdcroft A., Bevan D. R., O'Sullivan J. C., Sykes M. K. Airway closure and pregnancy. Anaesthesia. 1977 Jun;32(6):517–523. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1977.tb09998.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Joel-Cohen S. J., Schoenfeld A. Fetal response to periodic sleep apnea: a new syndrome in obstetrics. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1978 Apr;8(2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(78)90131-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kambam J. R., Handte R. E., Brown W. U., Smith B. E. Effect of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Anesthesiology. 1986 Oct;65(4):426–427. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198610000-00014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kowall J., Clark G., Nino-Murcia G., Powell N. Precipitation of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Sep;74(3 Pt 2):453–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lee K. A., Zaffke M. E., McEnany G. Parity and sleep patterns during and after pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jan;95(1):14–18. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00486-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lefcourt L. A., Rodis J. F. Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1996 Aug;51(8):503–506. doi: 10.1097/00006254-199608000-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lewis D. F., Chesson A. L., Edwards M. S., Weeks J. W., Adair C. D. Obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy resulting in pulmonary hypertension. South Med J. 1998 Aug;91(8):761–762. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199808000-00013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Loube D. I., Poceta J. S., Morales M. C., Peacock M. D., Mitler M. M. Self-reported snoring in pregnancy. Association with fetal outcome. Chest. 1996 Apr;109(4):885–889. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.4.885. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lyons H. A. Centrally acting hormones and respiration. Pharmacol Ther B. 1976;2(4):743–751. doi: 10.1016/0306-039x(76)90076-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Maasilta P., Bachour A., Teramo K., Polo O., Laitinen L. A. Sleep-related disordered breathing during pregnancy in obese women. Chest. 2001 Nov;120(5):1448–1454. doi: 10.1378/chest.120.5.1448. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mabry R. L. Rhinitis of pregnancy. South Med J. 1986 Aug;79(8):965–971. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198608000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Oleszczuk J., Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B., Mierzyński R., Kamiński K., Oleszczuk J. J. Pregnancy in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome under treatment with nCPAP. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1998;120(2):71–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pilkington S., Carli F., Dakin M. J., Romney M., De Witt K. A., Doré C. J., Cormack R. S. Increase in Mallampati score during pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 1995 Jun;74(6):638–642. doi: 10.1093/bja/74.6.638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Polo O., Ekholm E. Nocturnal hyperventilation in pregnancy--reversal with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Jul;173(1):238–239. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90203-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Redline S., Kump K., Tishler P. V., Browner I., Ferrette V. Gender differences in sleep disordered breathing in a community-based sample. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Mar;149(3 Pt 1):722–726. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.8118642. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Schoenfeld A., Ovadia Y., Neri A., Freedman S. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-implications in maternal-fetal medicine. A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 1989 Sep;30(1):51–54. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(89)90125-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sherer D. M., Caverly C. B., Abramowicz J. S. Severe obstructive sleep apnea and associated snoring documented during external tocography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Nov;165(5 Pt 1):1300–1301. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90354-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Skatrud J. B., Dempsey J. A. Interaction of sleep state and chemical stimuli in sustaining rhythmic ventilation. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Sep;55(3):813–822. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.3.813. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Stübner U. P., Gruber D., Berger U. E., Toth J., Marks B., Huber J., Horak F. The influence of female sex hormones on nasal reactivity in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 1999 Aug;54(8):865–871. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00961.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Taibah K., Ahmed M., Baessa E., Saleem M., Rifai A., al-Arifi A. An unusual cause of obstructive sleep apnoea presenting during pregnancy. J Laryngol Otol. 1998 Dec;112(12):1189–1191. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100142811. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Weinberger S. E., Weiss S. T., Cohen W. R., Weiss J. W., Johnson T. S. Pregnancy and the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Mar;121(3):559–581. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.559. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. White D. P., Douglas N. J., Pickett C. K., Weil J. V., Zwillich C. W. Sexual influence on the control of breathing. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Apr;54(4):874–879. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.4.874. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wilcox I., Grunstein R. R., Collins F. L., Doyle J. M., Kelly D. T., Sullivan C. E. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Blood Press. 1992 Dec;1(4):219–222. doi: 10.3109/08037059209077666. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Young T., Palta M., Dempsey J., Skatrud J., Weber S., Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993 Apr 29;328(17):1230–1235. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199304293281704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Thorax are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES