Table 4.
Univariate analysis comparing patients according to values of the phase angle (≤4.85°).
| Phase Angle ≤ 4.85° (n = 30) |
Phase Angle > 4.85° (n = 33) |
Mean Differences (95% CI) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.5 (SD 7.6) | 59.6 (SD 12.4) | 6.9 (1.7 to 12.0) | 0.010 |
| Sex, men (%) | 23 (76.7%) | 25 (75.8%) | - | 0.933 |
| Dialysis modality, n (%) | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 19 (63.3%) | 17 (56.7%) | ||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 6 (20%) | 6 (20%) | - | 0.441 |
| No renal replacement therapy | 5 (16.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.3 (SD 5.3) | 28.4 (SD 5.1) | −0.17 (−2.8 to 2.4) | 0.898 |
| Frailty, Fried phenotype 3–5 (%) | 17 (56.7%) | 9 (27.3%) | - | 0.018 |
| Malnutrition, GLIM (%) | 16 (53.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | - | 0.003 |
| BIA-derived parameters: | ||||
| Appendicular musculoskeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 7.4 (SD 1.3) | 8.0 (SD 1.0) | −0.6 (−1.2 to 0.01) | 0.057 |
| Musculoskeletal mass (kg) | 26.4 (SD 5.9) | 28.9 (SD 4.6) | −2.4 (−5.1 to 0.24) | 0.074 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 49.5 (SD 10.2) | 52.7 (SD 7.9) | −3.2 (−7.8 to 1.4) | 0.169 |
| Fat-free mass (% ref.) | 92.0 (SD 14.4) | 98.1 (SD 12.3) | −6.1 (−12.8 to 0.7) | 0.076 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 28.9 (SD 12.1) | 26.0 (SD 11.6) | 2.9 (−3.2 to 9.0) | 0.351 |
| Fat mass (% ref.) | 35.9 (SD 10.1) | 31.9 (SD 9.9) | 4.0 (−1.1 to 9.0) | 0.119 |
| Total body water (L) | 36.6 (SD 7.7) | 38.8 (SD 5.9) | −2.2 (−5,7 to 1.2) | 0.203 |
| Extracellular water (L) | 14.8 (SD 3.2) | 15.2 (SD 2.4) | −0.368 (−1.788 to 1.051) | 0.606 |
| Extracellular water/Total body water | 0.404 (SD 0.009) | 0.390 (SD 0.008) | 0.014 (−0.009 to 0.018) | <0.001 |
| Muscle strength of dominant side: | ||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 26.0 (SD 7.6) | 30.6 (SD 8.2) | −4.6 (−8.6 to 0.6) | 0.025 |
| Handgrip strength (% ref.) | 77.0 (SD 19.6) | 84.3 (SD 18.7) | −7.3 (−16.9 to 2.4) | 0.137 |
| Muscle size assessed using ultrasound: | ||||
| Muscle thickness of dominant forearm (mm) | 14.0 (SD 3.6) | 16.2 (SD 3.8) | −2.2 (−4.1 to −0.3) | 0.021 |
| Muscle thickness of dominant rectus femoris (mm) | 15.3 (SD 3.9) | 19.0 (SD 4.0) | −3.7 (−5.7 to −1.7) | <0.001 |
Note: Student t-test for independent samples was used for comparisons of quantitative variables; chi-square test was used for categorical variables.