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. 2023 Jan 21;32(2):150–159. doi: 10.1007/s10646-023-02626-x

Table 1.

Summarizing table of the results of post hoc pairwise comparisons between the control and treatment groups on life-history traits of R. dalmatina and B. bufo tadpoles

Survival Body mass
ß SE z-ratio Pa ß SE z-ratio Pa
R. dalmatina
Control vs.
Exposure to glyphosate
Low concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 1.19 0.93 1.28 0.7
Medium concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 0.82 0.93 0.88 0.9
High concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 –0.89 0.93 –0.96 0.87
Exposure to POEA
Low concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 –0.53 0.93 –0.57 0.98
Medium concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 –6.95 0.93 –7.47 <0.001*
High concentration 6.4 1.44 4.43 <0.001* –19.45 1.66 –11.69 <0.001*
Exposure to glyphosate + POEA
Low concentration <0.001 2.01 <0.001 >0.99 –0.74 0.93 –0.79 0.93
Medium concentration 1.97 1.52 1.29 0.69 –6.17 0.93 –6.62 <0.001*
High concentration 7.02 1.44 4.87 <0.001* –18.25 1.74 –10.49 <0.001*
B. bufo
Control vs.
Exposure to glyphosate
Low concentration –0.35 0.84 –0.41 0.99 0.06 1.03 0.06 >0.99
Medium concentration –0.86 0.99 –0.87 0.9 –1.26 1.03 –1.22 0.68
High concentration –0.35 0.84 –0.41 0.99 –0.09 1.03 –0.09 0.99
Exposure to POEA
Low concentration –0.86 0.99 –0.87 0.9 –2.17 1.03 –2.09 0.19
Medium concentration 3.95 0.58 6.86 <0.001* –12.87 1.03 –12.47 <0.001*
High concentration 8.99 1.52 5.91 <0.001* NA NA NA NA
Exposure to glyphosate + POEA
Low concentration –0.86 0.99 –0.87 0.9 –2.27 1.03 –2.19 0.16
Medium concentration 4.65 0.59 7.95 <0.001* –11.43 1.06 –10.83 <0.001*
High concentration 8.99 1.52 5.91 <0.001* NA NA NA NA

aP values are FDR corrected

*P < 0.05