Table 2.
Change in metabolic risk factors following bariatric surgery in the 79 patients who completed in-person follow-up
| Variable | Baseline | Two-year follow-up | Change | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 130.4 ± 24.8 | 99.4 ± 21.2 | −31.0 ± 18.4 | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 168.0 ± 9.9 | 167.7 ± 10.3 | −0.3 ± 2.2 | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 46.0 ± 6.6 | 35.3 ± 6.4 | −10.8 ± 6.5 | <0.01 |
| NCEP-defined waist circumference (cm) | 131.6 ± 17.2 | 114.3 ± 17.5 | −17.2 ± 14.8 | <0.01 |
| Arm (cm) | 41.5 ± 4.8 | 35.5 ± 4.6 | −6.0 ± 4.2 | <0.01 |
| Forearm (cm) | 30.3 ± 2.6 | 27.3 ± 2.9 | −3.0 ± 2.3 | <0.01 |
| Calf (cm) | 45.8 ± 4.5 | 41.5 ± 4.6 | −4.3 ± 3.0 | <0.01 |
| Mid-thigh (cm) | 64.5 ± 8.4 | 58.3 ± 7.9 | −6.2 ± 6.2 | <0.01 |
| Hips/thigh (cm) | 75.3 ± 9.2 | 66.4 ± 8.7 | −8.9 ± 7.5 | <0.01 |
| Abdomen (cm) | 133.7 ± 17.0 | 113.0 ± 16.4 | −20.6 ± 15.1 | <0.01 |
| Buttocks/hips (cm) | 140.4 ± 15.3 | 121.5 ± 14.0 | −18.6 ± 10.8 | <0.01 |
| High-waist (cm) | 123.4 ± 14.4 | 106.0 ± 14.3 | −17.4 ± 11.0 | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.9 ± 14.3 | 129.0 ± 16.4 | 1.2 ± 17.3 | 0.55 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.8 ± 11.6 | 73.1 ± 11.2 | 1.3 ± 10.8 | 0.28 |
| Hypertension medication (yes) | 46 (58.2) | 24 (30.4) |
Worsened: 0 (0.0) Stable: 57 (72.2) Improved: 22 (27.8) |
<0.01a |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | −0.3 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3) | <0.01 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.01 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |
| Cholesterol medication (yes) | 26 (32.9) | 20 (25.3) |
Worsened: 2 (2.5) Stable: 69 (87.3) Improved: 8 (10.1) |
0.07a |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | −0.8 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| 2 h glucose (mmol/l) | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | −4.4 ± 2.4 | <0.01 |
| Not collected due to diabetes | 15 | 18 | ||
| Not collected due to tolerability concerns or late follow-upb | 4 | 41 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | −0.5 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (mmol/l) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | −0.7 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes |
Worsened: 1 (1.3) Stable: 35 (44.3) Improved: 43 (54.4) |
<0.01a | ||
| Normoglycaemic | 24 (30.4) | 52 (65.8) | ||
| Pre-diabetes | 32 (40.5) | 21 (26.6) | ||
| Diabetes | 23 (29.1) | 6 (7.6) | ||
| Diabetes medication (yes) | 24 (30.4) | 19 (24.1) |
Worsened: 7 (8.9) Stable: 60 (75.9) Improved: 12 (15.2) |
0.26a |
Values are means ± SD or n (%)
Buttock/hips measurements and LDL-cholesterol measurements were each missing for one participant at follow-up. HbA1c measurements were missing for three participants at baseline. Glucose tolerance testing was not collected for individuals with a previous diabetes diagnosis. In addition, following bariatric surgery, many participants were unable to tolerate glucose tolerance testing due to anatomical changes after surgery, and therefore these data were not collected after June 2018. There were 4 individuals that could not tolerate glucose tolerance testing at baseline, and 41 individuals that could not tolerate it at 2 years. The 2 h glucose measurement was missing for one participant at baseline
p values were calculated using a paired t test except where indicated by a superscript a, in which case they represent the result obtained using Wilcoxon signed-rank test
bLate follow-up after June 2018