Table 1.
Characteristics of White and Black REGARDS study participants with hypertension by history of stroke.
| Characteristics | History of Stroke | No history of stroke | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whites (n = 161) |
Black (n = 145) |
White (n = 4288) |
Black (n = 3405) |
|
| Age, years | 76.9 (7.6) | 74.5 (8.5) | 73.6 (8.0) | 71.9 (8.1) |
| Men, n (%) | 95 (59.0) | 58 (40.0) | 2090 (48.7) | 1114 (32.7) |
| Region,* n (%) | ||||
| Non-stroke belt | 69 (42.9) | 70 (48.3) | 1782 (41.6) | 1523 (44.7) |
| Stroke buckle | 33 (20.5) | 26 (17.9) | 1050 (24.5) | 676 (19.9) |
| Stroke belt | 59 (36.7) | 49 (33.8) | 1456 (34.0) | 1206 (35.4) |
| Annual household income, n (%) | ||||
| Less than $20,000 | 20 (15.2) | 43 (37.4) | 362 (9.8) | 743 (25.3) |
| $20,000 to < $35,000 | 48 (36.4) | 35 (30.4) | 948 (25.8) | 875 (29.7) |
| $35,000 to < $75,000 | 44 (33.3) | 26 (22.6) | 1402 (38.1) | 939 (31.9) |
| $75,000 and above | 20 (15.2) | 11 (9.6) | 966 (26.3) | 385 (13.1) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 14 (8.7) | 25 (17.2) | 229 (5.3) | 467 (13.7) |
| High school graduate | 36 (22.4) | 49 (33.8) | 1012 (23.6) | 978 (28.7) |
| Some college | 49 (30.4) | 37 (25.5) | 1133 (26.4) | 966 (28.4) |
| College graduate | 62 (38.5) | 34 (23.5) | 1914 (44.6) | 993 (29.2) |
| Married, n (%) | 93 (58.1) | 57 (39.6) | 2732 (64.0) | 1414 (41.8) |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 93 (57.8) | 91 (64.5) | 2537 (59.3) | 2288 (67.6) |
| Current alcohol use, n (%) | 75 (46.6) | 37 (25.7) | 2084 (48.9) | 1075 (31.8) |
| Physical activity, n (%) | ||||
| None | 82 (51.3) | 73 (51.1) | 1812 (42.9) | 1458 (43.4) |
| 1 to 3 times/week | 44 (27.5) | 53 (37.1) | 1391 (33.0) | 1216 (36.2) |
| 4+ times/week | 34 (21.3) | 17 (11.9) | 1019 (24.1) | 685 (20.4) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 13 (8.1) | 23 (15.9) | 234 (5.5) | 308 (9.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 n (%) | ||||
| < 25 | 42 (26.3) | 25 (17.5) | 951 (22.3) | 528 (15.6) |
| 25 to 29 | 65 (40.6) | 51 (35.7) | 1627 (38.1) | 1084 (32.0) |
| ≥ 30 | 53 (33.1) | 67 (46.9) | 1697 (39.7) | 1771 (52.4) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 53 (34.4) | 68 (48.9) | 1069 (25.7) | 1322 (40.4) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 81 (52.6) | 76 (60.8) | 1837 (45.7) | 1294 (42.4) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 128.9 (16.3) | 130.1 (16.4) | 125.9 (13.9) | 127.3 (14.8) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 74.2 (10.2) | 74.4 (10.8) | 73.3 (8.9) | 74.6 (9.2) |
| Health insurance, n (%) | 160 (100.0) | 140 (97.2) | 4236 (99.3) | 3346 (99.1) |
| # of classes of antihypertensive medications, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 37 (23.0) | 24 (16.6) | 1410 (32.9) | 738 (21.7) |
| 2 | 58 (36.0) | 46 (31.7) | 1519 (35.4) | 1269 (37.3) |
| ≥ 3 | 66 (41.0) | 75 (51.7) | 1359 (31.7) | 1398 (41.1) |
| Time since last stroke, years | 4.1 (2.8) | 4.3 (2.8) | -- | -- |
Numbers are mean (standard deviation) or frequency (percentage).
*
Stroke buckle includes coastal North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Stroke belt includes the remaining parts of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, and Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Arkansas. Non-stroke belt includes the remaining 40 contiguous US states and the District of Columbia.
Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference >102cm for men and >88cm for women.
REGARDS: REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study.
BMI: body mass index.
BP: blood pressure.