Table 4.
Dietary patterns of Indigenous children in 2004 and 2015.
| CCHS 2004 | CCHS 2015 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Children | |||||||||||||||
| Dietary pattern | Soups Wgt N a = 16,287 |
High fat-High sugar Wgt N = 159,354 |
Mixed Wgt N = 27,695 |
Mixed Wgt N = 120,825 |
Unhealthy Wgt N = 39,517 |
|||||||||||
| Top five foods | Food name | Mean b ± SD (g) | % c | Food name | Mean ± SD (g) | % | Food name | Mean ± SD (g) | % | Food name | Mean ± SD (g) | % | Food name | Mean ± SD (g) | % | |
| 1. Soups | 406 ± 33 | 37 | Vegetables | 66 ± 5.5 | 11 | Fruits | 235 ± 20 | 20 | Fruits | 161 ± 15 | 15 | Fast foods | 411 ± 28 | 29 | ||
| 2. Vegetables | 89 ± 19 | 8 | Whole grains | 43 ± 4.7 | 7 | Confectionery | 167 ± 26 | 14 | Vegetables | 102 ± 8.3 | 9 | Whole grains | 133 ± 16 | 9 | ||
| 3. Fruits | 79 ± 17 | 7 | Added Fats | 42 ± 3 | 7 | Pasta | 133 ± 24 | 11 | Sweet baked goods | 72 ± 6.7 | 7 | Fruits | 93 ± 15 | 7 | ||
| 4. Pasta | 48 ± 15 | 4 | Confectionery | 36 ± 3 | 6 | Vegetables | 100 ± 18 | 9 | Whole grains | 66 ± 5.9 | 6 | Confectionery | 82 ± 14 | 6 | ||
| 5. Confectionery | 49 ± 11 | 4 | Fast foods | 33 ± 3 | 5 | Whole grains | 60 ± 12 | 5 | Soups | 64 ± 11 | 6 | Sweet baked goods | 70 ± 12.7 | 5 | ||
| NRF d (mean ± SD) | 425.5 ± 18.6 | 457.5 ± 12 | 470.9 ± 36 | 510.4 ± 9.3 * | 427.8 ± 13.5 | |||||||||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 9.5 ± 1 | 11 ± 0.5 | 10 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 11.8 ± 0.6 | |||||||||||
| Weight (mean ± SD) | 41.4 ± 6.7 | 48 ± 3.1 | 51 ± 3.6 | 47 ± 2.7 | 57.7 ± 4.4 | |||||||||||
| Gender (% women) | 44. | 59.4 | 69.3 | 52 | 33 | |||||||||||
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.87 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | |||||||||||
| Income (%) | Low | 71.7 | 76.3 | 72.1 | 34 | 37 | ||||||||||
| High | 28.2 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 66 | 63 | |||||||||||
| Education (%) | Below = bachelor’s level | 96 | 91 | 95 | 83 | 83 | ||||||||||
| Bachelor’s level and above | 3.9 | 8.8 | 4.8 | 17 | 17 | |||||||||||
| Activity (%) | Active | 100 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 49 | 27 | ||||||||||
| Inactive | 0 | 96.8 | 99.4 | 51 | 73 | |||||||||||
| Food security (%) | Food insecure | 43.2 | 52 | 47 | 42 | 44 | ||||||||||
| Food secure | 56.7 | 47.9 | 52.7 | 58 | 56 | |||||||||||
a Weighted sample size; b values are mean (g) ± standard error of the mean (SEM); c percentage of contribution of the food group; d nutrient-rich food; * significant values are bolded (p < 0.05).