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. 2023 Mar 20;28(6):2798. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062798

Table 4.

Selective extraction of Ni(II) ions by IIPs.

Polymeric
Material		 Functional Groups pH Contact Time, min qm,
mg/g		 Interfering Ions k Remarks on Adsorption Process Ref.
CS films –NH2;
–OH		 4 240 20 Zn(II)
Cd(II)
Co(II)
Mg(II)
Ca(II)
Mn(II)		 20.352
7.138
56.980
8.888
55.150
49.249		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO
Selectivity coefficients:
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [101]
CS foam –NH2;
–OH		 6 120 69.93 Co(II)
Mn(II)		 3.63
3.88		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [102]
Fe3O4-CS/PVA beads –NH2;
–OH		 5.5 360 500 Cu(II)
Ag(I)
Zn(II)		 15.05
23.06
18.25		 Batch/Column adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO
Reusability: 10 cycles		 [103]
CS-AA/Fe3O4/MWCNTs –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 6 40 19.86 Pb(II)
Cu(II)		 13.09
4.42		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Freundlich/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [104]
Melamine grafted CS/activated carbon biocomposite –NH2;
–N=;
–OH		 5 120 109.86 Zn(II)
Cd(II)
Cu(II)
Pb(II)		 3.13
4.48
3.72
2.51		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PFO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [105]
CMCS microspheres –NH-;
–COOH;
–OH		 6 360 82.78 Co(II)
Mn(II)
Cd(II)		 5.64
2.68
2.06		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PFO;
Reusability: 4 cycles		 [106]
Fe3O4-CS nanoparticles –NH2;
–OH		 7 60 18.5 Cu(II)
Zn(II)		 3.02
14.35		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 15 cycles		 [107]
PHEMA-MAH cryogels –NH2;
–COOH;
–OH		 6.5 60 5.54 Fe(III)
Zn(II)
Cu(II)		 4.3
3.6
4.2		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/Freundlich
Reusability: 10 cycles		 [108]
Fe3O4/bentonite/CoFe2O4/SiO2@
PVA nanocomposites		 –OH 5.5 120 33.76 Cu(II)
Zn(II)
Cd(II)		 3.768
2.507
2.149		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [109]
ALG beads –COOH;
–OH		 7 1440 352.14 Cu(II)
Co(II)
Zn(II)		 6.38
6.62
7.10		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/Freundlich
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [110]
2-(Allylmercapto) nicotinic acid (ANA) composites –N=;
–S–;
–COOH		 6 20 38.85 Cd(II)
Co(II)
Cu(II)
Mg(II)
Zn(II)		 16.89
4.23
32.74
219.59
33.63		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Langmuir/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [111]
PMAA/diphenylcarbazide composites
 –COOH;
–NH–		 7 30 86.3 Na(I)
K(I)
Mg(II)
Ca(II)
Ba(II)
Al(III)		 2.107
3.079
5.333
2.436
1.775
3.908		 Batch adsorption;
Fitting: Freundlich/PSO;
Reusability: 5 cycles		 [112]

Abbreviations: ALG—alginate; CS—chitosan; CMCS—carboxymethyl CS; PSO—pseudo-second order; Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)—PHEMA; PMAA—poly(methacrylic acid); PVA—poly(vinyl alcohol); MAH—N-methacryloyl-L-histidine; MWCNTs—multi-walled carbon nanotubes.