Table 1.
Database characteristics.
| Name | Country | Data provenance | Dates covered YYYY/MM | Total persons | % F | Ages covered mean age (IQR) | Patients with COVID-19 # | Pre-pandemic background population # | Measurements with values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APHM | FR | EHR | 1998/11–2021/07 | 2,465,265 | 51.9 | 40 (21–60) | 11,431 | 673,031 | N |
| CPRD_AURUM | UK | GP | 1995/01–2021/03 | 39,879,547 | 51.8 | 31 (18–44) | 587,886 | 14,094,032 | Y |
| CU_AMC | US | EHR | 2011/01–2022/04 | 4,795,392 | 54.0 | 39 (22–56) | 72,648 | 830,579 | Y |
| CUIMC | US | EHR | 1985/03–2021/08 | 6,808,470 | 55.8 | 38 (21–56) | 28,044 | 1,197,983 | Y |
| FIIBAPa | ES | EHR | 2001/03–2021/10 | 292,305 | 54.7 | 41 (23–58) | 7138 | 78 | N |
| HIC | SC | EHR | 2005/01–2021/12 | 1,254,464 | 50.4 | 45 (28–66) | 11,813 | 885,236 | Y |
| IBM_CCAE | US | Claims | 2000/01–2021/07 | 159,440,276 | 51.1 | 31 (17–46) | 983,089 | 23,483,191 | N |
| IBM_MDCD | US | Claims | 2006/01–2020/12 | 32,806,887 | 56.2 | 24 (5–38) | 196,997 | 11,810,505 | N |
| IBM_MDCR | US | Claims | 2000/01–2021/07 | 10,356,249 | 55.3 | 72 (65–77) | 41,542 | 1,467,963 | N |
| IMASIS | ES | EHR | 1990/02–2021/07 | 976,524 | 47.4 | 38 (23–54) | 9330 | 198,012 | Y |
| IPCI | NL | GP | 2006/01–2021/06 | 2,529,355 | 51.2 | 37 (18–55) | 91,759 | 1,329,674 | Y |
| IQVIA_FRANCE_DA | FR | GP | 2016/07–2021/06 | 3,767,012 | 52.3 | 38 (18–56) | 2859 | 1,394,912 | N |
| IQVIA_GERMANY_DA | DE | GP | 2011/04–2021/03 | 30,780,239 | 55.7 | 44 (25–62) | 45,508 | 9,040,531 | N |
| IQVIA_OPENCLAIMS | US | Claims | 2000/01–2021/10 | 306,000,000 | 52.6 | 34 (14–52) | 17,848,443 | 306,000,000 | N |
| IQVIA_PHARMETRICS | US | Claims | 2013/01–2021/09 | 166,422,594 | 50.6 | 38 (19–50) | 1,593,578 | 46,947,246 | N |
| IU | TR | EHR | 2018/01–2021/10 | 899,515 | 53.0 | 35 (18–52) | 6194 | 619 | Y |
| JMDC | JP | Claims | 2005/01–2021/03 | 12,541,088 | 48.6 | 32 (19–46) | 17,564 | 6,680,196 | N |
| MHD | BE | EHR | 2015/07–2021/12 | 117,131 | 50.9 | 52 (29–70) | 203 | 23,754 | N |
| OPTUM_EHR | US | EHR | 2007/01–2021/03 | 99,454,715 | 53.3 | 37 (19–56) | 693,334 | 41,281,147 | Y |
| OPTUM_SES | US | Claims | 2000/05–2021/06 | 90,285,937 | 50.5 | 36 (19–52) | 899,986 | 17,212,611 | Y |
| SIDIAP | ES | GP | 2003/01–2021/06 | 8,022,374 | 50.1 | 35 (17–51) | 495,237 | 5,934,449 | Y |
| STARR | US | EHR | 2008/01–2022/04 | 3,475,673 | 53.6 | 36 (18–54) | 31,928 | 1,118,549 | Y |
| U_OF_TARTUb | EE | Claims | 2021/01–2021/02 | 386,557 | 53.2 | 39 (21–57) | 84,957 | 376,842 | N |
| UCCS | RS | EHR | 2018/10–2021/03 | 823,962 | 54.1 | 51 (35–67) | 16,764 | 49,643 | Y |
| UCHDWa | US | EHR | 2012/01–2022/05 | 316,119 | 53.8 | 37 (12–54) | 61,037 | 240,831 | Y |
| UK_BIOBANK | UK | EHR + Registry | 1970/02–2020/07 | 502,504 | 54.4 | 58 (40–69) | 1717 | 458,889 | Y |
| Total | – | – | – | 945,520,607 | – | – | 23,840,986 | 492,730,503 | – |
APHM = Health Data Warehouse of Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Marseille, BE = Belgium, CPRD_AURUM = Clinical Practice Research Datalink AURUM, CU_AMC = University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus- Health Data Compass, CUIMC = Columbia University Irving Medical Center, DE = Germany, EE = Estonia, EHR = Electronic Health Record, ES = Spain, F = Female, FIIBAP = Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria en Atención Primaria COVID19, FR = France, GP = General Practitioner, HIC = Health Informatics Centre, IBM_CCAE = IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, IBM_MDCD = IBM® MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database, IBM_MDCR = IBM® MarketScan® Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits Database, IMASIS = Parc de Salut Mar Barcelona Information System, IPCI = Integrated Primary Care Information, IQR = Interquartile Range, IQVIA_FRANCE_DA = IQVIA Disease Analyzer France, IQVIA_GERMAN_DA = IQVIA Disease Analyzer Germany, IQVIA_OPENCLAIMS = IQVIA LRxDX Open Claims, IQVIA_PHARMETRICS = IQVIA Pharmetrics, IU = Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, JP = Japan, MHD = Medaman Hospital Data, N = No, NL = The Netherlands, OPTUM_EHR = Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record Dataset, OPTUM_SES = Optum De-Identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database - Socio-Economic Status, RS = Serbia, SC = Scotland, SIDIAP = The Information System for Research on Primary Care, STARR = STAnford medicine Research data Repository-OMOP, TR = Turkey, U_OF_TARTU = University of Tartu (U_OF_TARTU), UCCS = University Clinical Center of Serbia, UCHDW = University of California Health Data Warehouse, UK = United Kingdom, UK_BIOBANK = UK Biobank, US = United States, Y = Yes.
COVID-19 only subset.
COVID-19 + Controls.