Abstract
In a case referent study of about 600 cases of male lung cancer in northern Sweden the risk in professional drivers was specifically studied. Data concerning occupations, time and type of employment, and smoking habits were collected by questionnaires directed to close relatives. On average, professional drivers were heavier smokers and this was the chief cause of a slightly increased crude risk ratio in the study as a whole. Smoking drivers in an upper age group (70 and over) had a high relative risk of lung cancer, whereas in a lower age group (under 70) no significant increase was found. The relative risk in non-smoking drivers in the upper age group was moderately raised with borderline statistical significance. The high relative risk estimated for smoking drivers in the upper age group suggests a synergistic effect between smoking and occupational exposure.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Damber L., Larsson L. G. Combined effects of mining and smoking in the causation of lung carcinoma. A case-control study in northern Sweden. Acta Radiol Oncol. 1982;21(5):305–313. doi: 10.3109/02841868209134020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R., Vessey M. P., Beasley R. W., Buckley A. R., Fear E. C., Fisher R. E., Gammon E. J., Gunn W., Hughes G. O., Lee K. Mortality of gasworkers - final report of a prospective study. Br J Ind Med. 1972 Oct;29(4):394–406. doi: 10.1136/oem.29.4.394. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hammond E. C., Garfinkel L. General air pollution and cancer in the United States. Prev Med. 1980 Mar;9(2):206–211. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(80)90077-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hammond E. C., Selikoff I. J., Lawther P. L., Seidman H. Inhalation of benzpyrene and cancer in man. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;271:116–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb23100.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larsson L. G., Damber L. Interaction between underground mining and smoking in the causation of lung cancer: a study of nonuranium miners in northern Sweden. Cancer Detect Prev. 1982;5(4):385–389. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lloyd J. W. Long-term mortality study of steelworkers. V. Respiratory cancer in coke plant workers. J Occup Med. 1971 Feb;13(2):53–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menck H. R., Henderson B. E. Occupational differences in rates of lung cancer. J Occup Med. 1976 Dec;18(12):797–801. doi: 10.1097/00043764-197612000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miettinen O. S. Estimation of relative risk from individually matched series. Biometrics. 1970 Mar;26(1):75–86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miettinen O. Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1976 Feb;103(2):226–235. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RAFFLE P. A. The health of the worker. Br J Ind Med. 1957 Apr;14(2):73–80. doi: 10.1136/oem.14.2.73. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rothman K. J. Synergy and antagonism in cause-effect relationships. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 Jun;99(6):385–388. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schenker M. B. Diesel exhaust - an occupational carcinogen? J Occup Med. 1980 Jan;22(1):41–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smulevich V. B., Bulbulian M. A. Quantitative assessment of environmental pollution by cancerogenic substances: one stage in the epidemiological study of tumours. Int J Epidemiol. 1974 Dec;3(4):321–323. doi: 10.1093/ije/3.4.321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vena J. E. Air pollution as a risk factor in lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Jul;116(1):42–56. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WACHSMUTH W., VIERECK H. J. BEITRAG ZUR ATIOLOGIE DES BRONCHIALKARZINOMS. AUSWERTUNG VON 1000 EIGENEN FAELLEN. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1964 Mar 27;89:606–611. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1111061. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]