Table 6.
Other intestinal fluke species infecting humans with their life cycle and geographical distribution
| Species of intestinal fluke | First intermediate host (snail) | Second intermediate host | Reservoir host | Geographical distributiona |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brachylaima cribbi | Land snail (Theba pisana) | Land snail (Cernuella virgata) | Bird, reptile, mammal | Australia |
| Caprimorgorchis molenkampi | Bithynia sp. | Naiad of dragonfly | Rat, bat | Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand |
| Fasciolopsis buski |
Segmentina sp. Hippeutis sp. Gyraulus sp. |
Aquatic plant (water chestnut, water bamboo, water caltrop, water hyacinth, root of lotus) | Dog, pig, rabbit | Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, The Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Gastrodiscoides hominis | Helicorbis coenosus | Aquatic plant, tadpole, frog, crayfish | Pig, mouse deer, rat, monkey | Cambodia, China, England, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, The Philippines, Russia, Thailand, USA, Vietnam, Zambia |
| Gymnophalloides seoi | Unknown | Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) | Palearctic oystercatcher, cat | South Korea |
| Microphallus brevicaeca | Unknown | Brackish water crab (Carcinus maenas), shrimp (Macrobrachium sp.) | Bird, monkey, mammal | Papua New Guinea, The Philippines |
| Nanophyetus salmincola | Oxytrema silicula | Salmonid fish non-salmonid fish |
Dog, cat, raccoon, fox, bird | Canada, USA |
| Nanophyetus schikhobalowi | Semisulcospira sp. | Salmonid fish non-salmonid fish |
Rat, fox | Russia |
| Neodiplostomum seoulense |
Hippeutis cantori Segmentina hemisphaerula |
Tadpole, frog, snake (paratenic host) | Rat, mouse | South Korea, China |
| Phaneropsolus bonnei | Bithynia sp. (?) | Naiad of dragonfly | Monkey | Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand |