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. 2023 Mar 22;616(7956):312–318. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05827-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, Paired recording from left (L, blue) and right (R, red) claustra, showing bilateral correspondence of REM_P and SW episodes. b, Top, absence of coordination between sharp-wave ripples (SWR_P, for Pogona SWR) in left and right claustra. Bottom, superimposed sweeps from one side (grey) and their average (blue), triggered from 100 single SWR_Ps from the other side (t = 0). c, Expanded epochs from a during two successive REM_P episodes. Note the similarity between left and right traces and the small time-shift between them (filled versus dashed lines). Right, superimposed sweeps of one side triggered on the other (thin lines) and their average over 100 events (thick line). Note the very tight locking of the two traces. Note also that the leading side can switch from one sleep cycle to the next. d, Distributions of peak-correlation lags between left and right sides, showing two symmetric peaks at about ±20 ms (12 nights, 7 animals). Red, average. Data constructed over 9 h of sleep, containing 220,000–260,000 SNs per animal. e, Sliding cross-correlation (x-corr) between left and right traces (bottom) aligned with beta-band power on left and right sides. Positive lag, left side leads. Note that the side in which the beta power is larger leads, and that the leading side occasionally switches, even within the same REM_P cycle. Epochs when the beta-band power is low correspond to SW. AU, arbitrary units. f, Differences between side-normalized amplitudes (Norm. amp.) of around 208,000 bilateral pairs of SNs versus the time lag between them (abscissa), and marginal distributions. Colour indicates leadership (lag sign). Note that SNs on the leading side have higher amplitudes than their contralateral partner. Mann–Whitney U-test, U = 2312573585.5, ****P = 0.0. Arrowheads indicate means.