Table 1. Important studies exploring ADHD and yoga as a therapy option for ADHD in children.

MBT: mind-body therapies; ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; USA: United States of America; RCT: randomized controlled trial; T1: time one; KiTAP: kinder test of attentional performance; HRV: heart rate variability; MOM: mindfulness-oriented meditation program; MBI: mindfulness-based intervention; CAU: care-as-usual; UK: United Kingdom.

Study	Year of publication	Location	Type of study	Total patient population	Outcome
Barranco-Ruiz et al. [9]	2019	Spain	Systematic review	Three hundred eighty-eight children age 5-18 years	Eleven out of 12 studies suggested a positive result between MBT and symptoms of ADHD.
Bigelow et al. [10]	2021	Canada	Qualitative study	Sixteen children age 10-14 years	One meditation session improved executive functions. Meditation influenced inhibitory control positively. Active exercise increases the mood and overall well-being of children.
Cohen et al. [11]	2018	USA	RCT	Twenty-three children age 3-5 years	Group one (yoga first) showed improvement in inattention. After T1 (six weeks), group one reacted faster on the KiTAP go/no-go task. The distractibility task had fewer omission mistakes but more commission mistakes than the control group. None of the groups showed a difference in HRV.
Krisanaprakornkit et al. [12]	2010	Thailand	Review	Eighty-three participants age 6-13 years	Studies have shown no appreciable difference between the meditation therapy group and the group that received drug therapy with ADHD on the teacher rating ADHD scale.
Santonastaso et al. [13]	2020	Italy	Clinical trial	Twenty-five children age 7-11 years	MOM program showed improving ADHD symptoms in participants compared to the control group.
Saxena et al. [14]	2020	USA	Clinical trial	One hundred seventy-four children age 14-15 years	After 12 weeks of either being in the yoga group or the control group, the self-questionnaire of the children showed improvement regarding inattention and hyperactivity in the yoga group. Neither group showed changes in stress levels.
Siebelink et al. [15]	2021	Netherlands	Qualitative study	Sixty-nine families with children age 9-16 years	Interviews after participating for eight weeks in a group-based MBI training named “MYmind” indicated positive effects on the symptoms of ADHD.
Siebelink et al. [16]	2022	Netherlands	RCT	One hundred and three children age 8-16 years and their parents	The combination of MBI and CAU did not have a significant difference compared to CAU. However, some children experience some improvement. The therapies had more effects on parents and also lasted for a longer time.
Thomas et al. [17]	2021	UK	RCT	Seventy-nine participants age 23-27 years	The group who received modafinil showed better attention and a higher state of mindfulness, but it did not influence mind-wandering. The meditation experience in general was not enhanced compared to the group who received the placebo drug.
Xue et al. [18]	2019	China	Meta-analysis	Six hundred eighty-two participants (210 children age 5-8 years, 472 adults 18-65 years)	Results showed that MBI training positively affects ADHD symptoms, such as impulsive behavior, attention span, and hyperactivity.