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Schematic representation of HBOCs classification. 1st generation transporters, characterized as Hb molecules conjugated with each other and/or other materials. 2nd generation transporters, formed by materials conjugated and cross-linked materials of polymers and enzymes. 3rd generation transporters, which are characterized by Hb molecules encapsulated in nanostructures, such as liposomes or polymeric nanocapsules. Adapted from Ref. [66].
