Abstract
These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143.
Full text
PDF







Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bain C., Willett W., Hennekens C. H., Rosner B., Belanger C., Speizer F. E. Use of postmenopausal hormones and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1981 Jul;64(1):42–46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.64.1.42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barrett-Connor E., Brown W. V., Turner J., Austin M., Criqui M. H. Heart disease risk factors and hormone use in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1979 May 18;241(20):2167–2169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boyle I. T. Treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lancet. 1981 Jun 20;1(8234):1376–1376. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92559-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bush T. L., Cowan L. D., Barrett-Connor E., Criqui M. H., Karon J. M., Wallace R. B., Tyroler H. A., Rifkind B. M. Estrogen use and all-cause mortality. Preliminary results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-Up Study. JAMA. 1983 Feb 18;249(7):903–906. doi: 10.1001/jama.249.7.903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christiansen C., Christensen M. S., McNair P., Hagen C., Stocklund K. E., Transbøl I. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2-year study in 315 normal females. Eur J Clin Invest. 1980 Aug;10(4):273–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1980.tb00033.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christiansen C., Christensen M. S., Rødbro P., Hagen C., Transbøl I. Effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in itself or combined with hormone treatment in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eur J Clin Invest. 1981 Aug;11(4):305–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb02121.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chu J., Schweid A. I., Weiss N. S. Survival among women with endometrial cancer: a comparison of estrogen users and nonusers. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Jul 1;143(5):569–573. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90549-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collins J., Donner A., Allen L. H., Adams O. Oestrogen use and survival in endometrial cancer. Lancet. 1980 Nov 1;2(8201):961–964. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92115-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gallagher J. C., Riggs B. L., Eisman J., Hamstra A., Arnaud S. B., DeLuca H. F. Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients: effect of age and dietary calcium. J Clin Invest. 1979 Sep;64(3):729–736. doi: 10.1172/JCI109516. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gambrell R. D., Jr, Massey F. M., Castaneda T. A., Ugenas A. J., Ricci C. A., Wright J. M. Use of the progestogen challenge test to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Jun;55(6):732–738. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gambrell R. D., Jr The menopause: benefits and risks of estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. Fertil Steril. 1982 Apr;37(4):457–474. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46149-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Genant H. K., Cann C. E., Ettinger B., Gordan G. S. Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Nov;97(5):699–705. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-699. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heaney R. P., Recker R. R., Saville P. D. Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 Dec;92(6):953–963. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hillyard C. J., Stevenson J. C., MacIntyre I. Relative deficiency of plasma-calcitonin in normal women. Lancet. 1978 May 6;1(8071):961–962. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90249-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirvonen E., Mälkönen M., Manninen V. Effects of different progestogens on lipoproteins during postmenopausal replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 1981 Mar 5;304(10):560–563. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198103053041002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoover R., Gray L. A., Sr, Cole P., MacMahon B. Menopausal estrogens and breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1976 Aug 19;295(8):401–405. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197608192950801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horwitz R. I., Feinstein A. R. Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med. 1978 Nov 16;299(20):1089–1094. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197811162992001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horwitz R. I., Feinstein A. R., Horwitz S. M., Robboy S. J. Necropsy diagnosis of endometrial cancer and detection-bias in case/control studies. Lancet. 1981 Jul 11;2(8237):66–68. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90412-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hutchinson T. A., Polansky S. M., Feinstein A. R. Post-menopausal oestrogens protect against fractures of hip and distal radius. A case-control study. Lancet. 1979 Oct 6;2(8145):705–709. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90640-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klotz H. P., Delorme M. L., Ochoa F., Aussenard C. Hormones sexuelles et sécrétion de calcitonine. Sem Hop. 1975 Apr 26;51(20):1333–1336. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindsay R., Hart D. M., Forrest C., Baird C. Prevention of spinal osteoporosis in oophorectomised women. Lancet. 1980 Nov 29;2(8205):1151–1154. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92592-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mack T. M., Pike M. C., Henderson B. E., Pfeffer R. I., Gerkins V. R., Arthur M., Brown S. E. Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community. N Engl J Med. 1976 Jun 3;294(23):1262–1267. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197606032942304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKay Hart D., Lindsay R., Purdie D. Vascular complications of long-term oestrogen therapy. Front Horm Res. 1977;5:174–191. doi: 10.1159/000401993. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meema H. E., Meema S. Involutional (physiologic) bone loss in women and the feasibility of preventing structural failure. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1974 Oct;22(10):443–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb04812.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milhaud G., Benezech-Lefevre M., Moukhtar M. S. Deficiency of calcitonin in age related osteoporoses. Biomedicine. 1978 Nov;29(8):272–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nachtigall L. E., Nachtigall R. H., Nachtigall R. D., Beckman E. M. Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Jul;54(1):74–79. doi: 10.1097/00006250-197907000-00017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paganini-Hill A., Ross R. K., Gerkins V. R., Henderson B. E., Arthur M., Mack T. M. Menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fractures. Ann Intern Med. 1981 Jul;95(1):28–31. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-95-1-28. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Gerkins V. R., Mack T. M., Pfeffer R., Arthur M., Henderson B. E. A case-control study of menopausal estrogen therapy and breast cancer. JAMA. 1980 Apr 25;243(16):1635–1639. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Mack T. M., Arthur M., Henderson B. E. Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1981 Apr 18;1(8225):858–860. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92138-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Mack T. M., Arthur M., Henderson B. E. Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1981 Apr 18;1(8225):858–860. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92138-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith D. C., Prentice R., Thompson D. J., Herrmann W. L. Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1975 Dec 4;293(23):1164–1167. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197512042932302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stevenson J. C., Abeyasekera G., Hillyard C. J., Phang K. G., MacIntyre I., Campbell S., Townsend P. T., Young O., Whitehead M. I. Calcitonin and the calcium-regulating hormones in postmenopausal women: effect of oestrogens. Lancet. 1981 Mar 28;1(8222):693–695. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91973-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thom M., Dubiel M., Kakkar V. V., Studd J. W. The effect of different regimens of oestrogens on the clotting and fibrinolytic system of the post-menopausal woman. Front Horm Res. 1977;5:192–202. doi: 10.1159/000401994. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vessey M. P., Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. A further report. Br Med J. 1969 Jun 14;2(5658):651–657. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5658.651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wallace R. B., Hoover J., Barrett-Connor E., Rifkind B. M., Hunninghake D. B., Mackenthun A., Heiss G. Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use. Report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lancet. 1979 Jul 21;2(8134):112–115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wallentin L., Larsson-Cohn U. Metabolic and hormonal effects of post-menopausal oestrogen replacement treatment. II. Plasma lipids. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1977 Nov;86(3):597–607. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0860597. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiss N. S., Ure C. L., Ballard J. H., Williams A. R., Daling J. R. Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen. N Engl J Med. 1980 Nov 20;303(21):1195–1198. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198011203032102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ziel H. K., Finkle W. D. Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med. 1975 Dec 4;293(23):1167–1170. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197512042932303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
