Abstract
目的
评估止点内移修复大型及巨大肩袖撕裂(large-to-massive rotator cuff tears,L/MRCT)的临床效果。
方法
回顾分析2015年10月—2019年6月采用关节镜下止点内移修复的46例L/MRCT患者临床与影像学资料。男26例,女20例;年龄40~75岁,平均57.7岁。大型肩袖撕裂20例,巨大肩袖撕裂26例。影像学评估术前脂肪浸润(Goutallier分级)、肌腱回缩(改良Patte分级)、冈上肌切线征、肩峰肱骨头间距(acromiohumeral distance,AHD)及术后内移长度与肌腱完整性;以手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国肩肘外科协会(ASES)评分、肩关节活动度(包括前屈上举、体侧外旋与内旋活动度)与前屈上举肌力评估临床结果。根据术后肌腱完整性将患者分为肌腱完整组与再撕裂组,根据术后内移长度将患者分为A组(内移长度≤10 mm)与B组(内移长度>10 mm),比较患者临床功能和影像学指标。
结果
术后患者均获随访,随访时间24~56个月,平均31.8个月。术后1年MRI示冈上肌腱内移长度为5~15 mm,平均10.26 mm;A组33例,B组13例。11例(23.91%)出现再撕裂,其中Sugaya Ⅳ型5例(45.45%),Ⅴ型6例(54.55%)。末次随访时VAS评分、ASES评分及肩关节前屈上举活动度、体侧外旋活动度、前屈上举肌力均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);内旋活动度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肌腱再撕裂组冈上肌Goutallier分级与改良Patte分级高于肌腱完整组,AHD小于肌腱完整组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他基线资料两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除ASES评分肌腱完整组高于再撕裂组(P<0.05)外,两组其余术后临床功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组再撕裂发生情况、VAS评分、ASES评分、肩关节活动度与前屈上举肌力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
结论
对于L/MRCT关节镜下采用止点内移修复术后能获得良好肩关节功能;术后肌腱完整性或内移长度与术后肩关节功能之间可能无显著相关性。
Keywords: 肌腱止点内移, 大型肩袖撕裂, 巨大肩袖撕裂, 临床功能, 影像学
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of tendon insertion medialized repair in treatment of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (L/MRCT).
Methods
The clinical and imaging data of 46 L/MRCT patients who underwent arthroscopic insertion medialized repair between October 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 males and 20 females with an average age of 57.7 years (range, 40-75 years). There were 20 cases of large rotator cuff tears and 26 cases of massive rotator cuff tears. Preoperative imaging evaluation included fatty infiltration (Goutallier grade), tendon retraction (modified Patte grade), supraspinatus tangent sign, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and postoperative medializaiton length and tendon integrity. The clinical outcome was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Society for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) score, shoulder range of motion (including anteflexion and elevation, lateral external, and internal rotation) and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength before and after operation. The patients were divided into two groups (the intact tendon group and the re-teared group) according to the integrity of the tendon after operation. According to the medializaiton length, the patients were divided into group A (medialization length ≤10 mm) and group B (medialization length >10 mm). The clinical function and imaging indexes of the patients were compared.
Results
All patients were followed up 24-56 months, with an average of 31.8 months. At 1 year after operation, MRI showed that the medializaiton length of supraspinatus tendon was 5-15 mm, with an average of 10.26 mm, 33 cases in group A and 13 cases in group B. Eleven cases (23.91%) had re-teared, including 5 cases (45.45%) of Sugaya type Ⅳ and 6 cases (54.55%) of Sugaya type Ⅴ. At last follow-up, the VAS score, ASES score, shoulder anteflexion and elevation range of motion, lateral external rotation range of motion, and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in internal rotation range of motion between pre- and post-operation (P>0.05). The Goutallier grade and modified Patte grade of supraspinatus muscle in the re-teared group were significantly higher than those in the intact tendon group, and the AHD was significantly lower than that in the intact tendon group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). Except that the ASES score of the intact tendon group was significantly higher than that of the re-teared group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the other postoperative clinical functional indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of re-tear, VAS score, ASES score, range of motion of shoulder joint, and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength between group A and group B (P>0.05).
Conclusion
Tendon insertion medialized repair may be useful in cases with L/MRCT, and shows good postoperative shoulder function. Neither tendon integrity nor medialization length shows apparent correlations with postoperative shoulder function.
Keywords: Tendon insertion medialization, large rotator cuff tears, massive rotator cuff tears, clinical function, radiologic outcomes
大型及巨大肩袖撕裂(large to massive rotator cuff tears,L/MRCT)占肩袖撕裂总数的10%~40%[1-2]。慢性L/MRCT通常伴有肩袖肌肉萎缩、脂肪浸润与肌腱回缩,因而可修复性较差,肩袖肌腱通常难以修复至原止点[3-5]。将肩袖肌肉止点内移至肱骨解剖颈[6-7]或肱骨头[8-9],是一种简单有效的解决方案。
生物力学研究结果显示,冈上肌腱止点内移超过10 mm将显著减小肩关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)[10]。尽管既往临床研究结果显示[11-14],止点内移修复肩袖撕裂具有良好疗效,但内移长度对术后肩关节功能的影响尚无临床研究报道。而且研究表明,止点内移修复肩袖撕裂术后存在6.7%~23.8%再撕裂率[13-16],而再撕裂对术后肩关节功能的影响目前亦不明确。本研究回顾性分析了关节镜下止点内移修复L/MRCT患者的临床与影像学资料,旨在评估止点内移修复的临床效果,并探究内移长度与再撕裂对肩关节功能的影响。报告如下。
1. 临床资料
1.1. 一般资料
纳入标准:① 未累及肩胛下肌的L/MRCT,L/MRCT诊断标准为术中所见肩袖撕裂的前后方向长度>3 cm;② 采用关节镜下止点内移技术行肩袖撕裂修复术;③ 随访时间>2年,有术前及术后至少1年的MRI资料。排除标准:① 撕裂未累及冈上肌;② 部分修复;③ 患肩存在既往手术史。
2015年10月—2019年6月共46例患者符合选择标准纳入研究。其中男26例,女20例;年龄40~75岁,平均57.7岁。主力侧受累38例,非主力侧受累8例。大型肩袖撕裂(肩袖撕裂直径3~5 cm[17])20例,巨大肩袖撕裂(肩袖撕裂直径>5 cm或累及至少2条肩袖肌腱[4,17])26例。术前Goutallier分级[3,18-19]:冈上肌≤1级21例、2级23例、≥3级2例;冈下肌分别为20、26、0例;肩胛下肌分别为43、3、0例。改良Patte分级[5]:Ⅰ级37例,Ⅱ级9例。肩峰肱骨头间距(acromiohumeral distance,AHD)[5]为1.6~10.5 mm,平均5.67 mm。冈上肌切线征[20]阳性4例。有吸烟史3例、糖尿病史3例。
1.2. 手术方法
患者于全身麻醉下取沙滩椅位或侧卧牵引体位。术中采用肩关节后方主通道、肩峰下外侧通道、肩峰下后外侧辅助通道及肩峰下前外侧辅助通道修复肩袖肌腱;根据手术需要可增加其他辅助通道。术中首先检查肩袖损伤累及肌腱范围,并测量肌腱撕裂大小。
全面评估后,彻底松解回缩肌腱(包括肌腱上、下表面以及喙肱韧带),然后试行复位回缩肌腱。肌腱仅能覆盖肱骨头软骨边缘而无法复位至足印区,故采用止点内移技术。使用环形刮匙刮除肱骨头表面软骨,至肌腱能充足覆盖骨面,以备植入锚钉;采用单排或双排缝合固定。见图1。对肱二头肌长头腱行切断(34例)或切断后固定(12例)。撤除关节镜及操作器械,直接缝合皮肤,关闭入路。
图 1.
Medialization of the supraspinatus tendon insertion in a case of massive rotator cuff tear repair in a right shoulder under arthroscope
右侧巨大肩袖撕裂行关节镜下冈上肌腱止点内移修复
a. 刮除肱骨头表面软骨;b. 植入锚钉;c. 单排缝合固定;d. 双排缝合固定
a. The cartilage of the humeral head was decorticated; b. Anchor placement; c. Single-row repair; d. Double-row repair

1.3. 术后处理
术后患肢以外展位护具固定于外展45° 位约6周。3周后在理疗师指导下开始肩关节被动活动练习;6周后开始辅助主动活动练习,并尝试使用患肢完成日常生活动作,但避免负重;术后4~6个月在理疗师指导下进行肌力练习。
1.4. 临床及影像学指标
1.4.1. 临床指标
术后3、6周及3、6、12个月定期随访,此后每年随访1次。手术前后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国肩肘外科协会(ASES)评分[21]评估肩关节功能。记录患肩手术前后前屈上举、体侧外旋与内旋活动度;其中内旋活动度检测方法:手从后下方向上方摸背,保持手心向后,外展拇指,以拇指尖能触及到的最高脊椎棘突表示。以电子测力计测量肩关节前屈上举90° 时对抗下压的最大抗阻力,记为前屈上举肌力。肌力分级标准:0级,肌肉无收缩;Ⅰ级,肌肉有收缩,但不能抬起上肢;Ⅱ级,能够抬起上肢,但不能抵抗自身重力;Ⅲ级,上肢能够对抗自身重力,但不能抵抗阻力;Ⅳ级,上肢能够对抗10磅以下阻力;Ⅳ+级,上肢能够对抗10~25磅阻力;Ⅴ级,上肢能够对抗25磅以上阻力。
1.4.2. 影像学评估指标
① 术前肩袖肌肉脂肪浸润程度:使用斜矢状位MRI T1加权像评估。选取肩胛冈与肩胛骨体相连的最外侧层面,即Y层面,以Goutallier分级[3,18]分别对冈上肌、冈下肌与肩胛下肌进行评价。0级,肌肉内无脂肪;Ⅰ级,肌肉内可见极少线状脂肪条;Ⅱ级,肌肉内或肌肉周围脂肪组织明显,但脂肪面积小于肌肉面积;Ⅲ级,脂肪组织面积等于肌肉面积;Ⅳ级,脂肪组织面积大于肌肉面积。以Fuchs等[19]改良的三等级(≤1,2,≥3)分类对Goutallier分级进行简化分级。
② 术前肩袖肌腱回缩:使用斜冠状位压脂T2加权像评估,以改良Patte分级[5]进行评价:Ⅰ级,内侧残端在A平面(喙突与肩胛骨体刚分离的层面)和P平面(肩胛冈与肩胛骨体刚分离的层面)中均位于肩盂外侧;Ⅱ级,内侧残端在A或P平面中位于肩盂边缘或以内;Ⅲ级,内侧残端在A、P平面中均位于肩盂边缘或以内。见图2。
图 2.
Rotator cuff tear with tendon retraction in a right shoulder (modified Patte stage PatteⅢ)
右侧肩袖撕裂肌腱回缩(改良PatteⅢ级)
a. 在A平面中,肌腱回缩至肩盂内侧(虚线圈示喙突与肩胛骨体分离);b. 在P平面中,肌腱回缩至肩盂内侧(虚线圈示肩胛冈与肩胛骨体分离)
a. In the A plane, the tendon was retracted to the medial glenoid (dotted circle indicated separation of the coracoid process from the scapular body); b. In the P plane, the tendon was retracted to the medial glenoid (dotted circle indicated separation of the spina scapulae from the scapular body)
③ 术前冈上肌萎缩程度:于斜矢状位MRI T1加权像的Y层面中,以冈上肌切线征[20]评估。见图3。
图 3.
Supraspinatus tangent sign (The dotted line showed the tangent through superior border of scapular and posterior border of spinae scapulae)
冈上肌切线征评估(虚线示经过肩胛骨上缘与肩胛冈后缘的切线)
a. 切线征阴性;b. 切线征阳性
a. Negative sign; b. Positive sign
④ 术前AHD:于斜冠状位MRI T1加权像中,选取肩峰下缘与肱骨头切线距离最小的层面,测量肩峰下缘切线与其切肱骨头上缘平行线间的垂直距离[5]。
⑤ 内移长度:于术后斜冠状位MRI测量冈上肌足印区内缘至内排锚钉中心点的直线距离[15-16]。见图4。
图 4.
Measurement of medialization length of supraspinatus tendon insertion of a right shoulder
右肩术后冈上肌腱止点内移长度测量
⑥ 肌腱完整性评估:随访期间若怀疑出现肌腱再撕裂,再次行MRI检查,由不参与本研究的影像科医师采用Sugaya分型[22]评估术后肩袖肌腱完整性,Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型定义为再撕裂。
1.5. 统计学方法
根据术后MRI所示肌腱完整性,将患者分为肌腱完整组与再撕裂组,比较两组患者基线资料及术后临床疗效指标;根据术后MRI所示内移长度将患者分为A组(内移长度≤10 mm)与B组(内移长度>10 mm),比较两组患者术后临床疗效指标。
采用SPSS22.0统计软件进行分析。计量资料行正态性检验均符合正态分布,数据以均数±标准差表示,组内手术前后比较采用配对t检验,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;等级资料组间比较及手术前后比较均采用Mann-Whitney U检验;无序分类变量组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。检验水准取双侧α=0.05。
2. 结果
术后患者均获随访,随访时间24~56个月,平均31.8个月。术后1年MRI示冈上肌腱内移长度为5~15 mm,平均10.26 mm;A组33例,B组13例。11例(23.91%)出现再撕裂,其中Sugaya Ⅳ型5例(45.45%),Ⅴ型6例(54.55%)。末次随访时VAS评分、ASES评分及肩关节前屈上举、体侧外旋活动度、前屈上举肌力均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内旋活动度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表 1.
Comparison of clinical functional indexes before and after operation (n=46)
患者手术前后临床功能指标比较(n=46)
| 指标 Item |
术前 Preoperative |
末次随访 Last follow-up |
统计量 Statistical value |
P值 P value |
VAS评分( ,分) |
5.0±2.6 | 0.9±1.4 | t=10.346 | <0.001 |
ASES评分( ,分) |
37.4±18.4 | 81.1±13.7 | t=−15.097 | <0.001 |
前屈上举活动度( ,°) |
102.50±59.45 | 153.59±18.40 | t=−6.177 | <0.001 |
体侧外旋活动度( ,°) |
33.26±19.27 | 41.09±16.36 | t=−2.701 | 0.010 |
| 内旋活动度(T7/T8/T9/T10/T11/T12/L1/L2/L3/L4/L5/ 腰骶/臀部/大腿,例) |
5/0/0/0/0/13/3/2/6/0/0/9/7/1 |
3/0/0/1/1/18/1/1/17/0/1/1/2/0 |
Z=−1.867 | 0.062 |
| 前屈上举肌力(≤Ⅳ级/Ⅳ+级/Ⅴ级,例) | 33/5/8 | 12/11/23 | Z=−4.417 | <0.001 |
肌腱再撕裂组冈上肌Goutallier分级与改良Patte分级高于肌腱完整组,AHD小于肌腱完整组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他基线资料两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除ASES评分肌腱完整组高于再撕裂组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,两组其余术后临床疗效指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。根据术后不同内移长度分组,A、B组在再撕裂发生情况、VAS评分、ASES评分、肩关节活动度与前屈上举肌力方面,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
表 2.
Comparison of clinical data between intact tendon group and re-teared group
肌腱完整组与再撕裂组患者临床资料比较
| 指标 Item |
肌腱完整组(n=35) Intact tendon group (n=35) |
再撕裂组(n=11) Re-teared group (n=11) |
统计量 Statistical value |
P值 P value |
| 基线资料 | ||||
年龄( ,岁) |
58.27±8.42 | 56.02±5.33 | t=0.834 | 0.409 |
| 性别(女/男,例) | 15/20 | 5/6 | χ2=0.000 | 1.000 |
| 主力侧(否/是,例) | 7/28 | 1/10 | χ2=0.142 | 0.706 |
| 肩袖撕裂分型(大型/巨大,例) | 17/18 | 3/8 | χ2=0.800 | 0.371 |
| 吸烟史(无/有,例) | 33/2 | 10/1 | — | 1.000 |
| 糖尿病史(无/有,例) | 34/1 | 9/2 | — | 0.138 |
| Goutallier分级(≤1级/2级/≥3级,例) | ||||
| 冈上肌 | 19/15/1 | 2/8/1 | Z=−2.128 | 0.033 |
| 冈下肌 | 17/18/0 | 3/8/0 | χ2=0.800 | 0.371 |
| 肩胛下肌 | 34/1/0 | 9/2/0 | — | 0.138 |
| 冈上肌切线征(–/+,例) | 32/3 | 10/1 | — | 1.000 |
| 改良Patte分级(Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ,例) | 32/3/0 | 5/6/0 | χ2=8.510 | 0.004 |
AHD( ,mm) |
6.07±2.29 | 4.38±1.51 | t=2.279 | 0.028 |
内移长度( ,mm) |
10.26±2.32 | 10.27±2.87 | t=−0.018 | 0.767 |
| 术后临床指标 | ||||
VAS评分( ,分) |
0.8±1.2 | 1.1±1.9 | t=−0.657 | 0.515 |
ASES评分( ,分) |
83.4±12.9 | 73.8±14.0 | t=2.110 | 0.041 |
前屈上举活动度( ,°) |
154.14±18.49 | 151.82±18.88 | t=0.362 | 0.719 |
体侧外旋活动度( ,°) |
41.71±16.71 | 39.09±15.78 | t=0.460 | 0.648 |
| 内旋活动度(T7/T8/T9/T10/T11/T12/ L1/L2/L3/L4/L5/S1/S2/大腿,例) |
3/0/0/1/1/14/1/0/12/0/0/1/2/0 |
0/0/0/0/0/4/0/1/5/0/1/0/0/0 |
Z=−1.024 | 0.306 |
| 前屈上举肌力(≤Ⅳ级/Ⅳ+级/Ⅴ级,例) | 8/8/19 | 4/3/4 | Z=−1.079 | 0.280 |
表 3.
Comparison of postoperative clinical data of groups with different medialization length
不同内移长度患者术后临床指标比较
| 指标 Item |
A组(n=33) Group A (n=33) |
B组(n=13) Group B (n=13) |
统计量 Statistical value |
P值 P value |
| 再撕裂(否/是,例) | 25/8 | 10/3 | — | 1.000 |
VAS评分( ,分) |
0.8±1.4 | 1.0±1.5 | t=−0.459 | 0.648 |
ASES评分( ,分) |
80.7±13.4 | 82.2±14.7 | t=−0.337 | 0.737 |
前屈上举活动度( ,°) |
155.61±17.13 | 148.46±21.15 | t=1.191 | 0.240 |
体侧外旋活动度( ,°) |
39.84±16.56 | 44.23±16.05 | t=−0.815 | 0.420 |
| 内旋活动度(T7/T8/T9/T10/T11/T12/ L1/L2/L3/L4/L5/S1/S2/大腿,例) |
2/0/0/1/1/12/0/0/14/0/1/1/1/0 | 1/0/0/0/0/6/1/1/3/0/0/0/1/0 | Z=−0.517 | 0.605 |
| 前屈上举肌力(≤Ⅳ级/Ⅳ+级/Ⅴ级,例) | 9/9/15 | 3/2/8 | Z=−0.797 | 0.426 |
图 5.
A year-old male/female patient of Huge rotator cuff tear in right shoulder
患者,性别,年龄,右肩巨大肩袖撕裂(分型)
a. 术前MRI;b~d. 术前前屈上举、外旋、内旋活动度;e. 术后时间MRI;f~h. 术后时间前屈上举、外旋、内旋活动度
a. Preoperative MRI; b-d. Preoperative ROM of forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation; e. Postoperative MRI; f-h. Postoperative ROM of forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation

3. 讨论
对L/MRCT进行修复时,肩袖肌腱往往难以复位至原止点,且常伴较高的缝合张力。而缝合张力较高通常与术后临床功能差和再撕裂相关[23-24]。止点内移是一种牺牲部分肩袖力臂,以换取低缝合张力与高腱-骨接触面积的方法。肩关节功能是评价L/MRCT修复术后疗效的基本指标。既往研究表明,止点内移修复L/MRCT术后可获得良好的肩关节功能[15-16,25]。本研究采用关节镜下止点内移修复L/MRCT,结果显示患者术后VAS评分、ASES评分、肩关节前屈上举活动度、体侧外旋活动度与前屈上举肌力均较术前显著改善,与既往文献报道相符。
除肩关节功能外,术后再撕裂也是评估L/MRCT修复术成功与否的参考指标之一。本研究止点内移修复L/MRCT术后再撕裂率为23.91%(11/46),与既往文献报道的再撕裂率大致相似[13-16]。既往研究显示,严重的脂肪浸润、肌腱回缩和AHD减小是L/MRCT术后再撕裂的危险因素[5,26-27]。本研究结果显示,再撕裂组的冈上肌脂肪浸润与肌腱回缩程度高于肌腱完整组,AHD小于肌腱完整组,与既往研究结论一致。另外,本研究中再撕裂组术后肩关节功能较术前显著改善,并且与肌腱完整组比较差异无统计学意义,亦与既往文献[16]结果相似。以上结果提示,即使止点内移修复L/MRCT术后具有较高的再撕裂率,依然可以获得肩关节功能改善,并且改善程度可能与术后肌腱完整性无显著相关性。但本研究仅进行了单因素分析,且样本量有限,该结论尚需进一步研究明确。
尽管研究结果提示止点内移修复L/MRCT具有良好疗效,但止点内移理论上会造成肩袖力臂缩短,可能对肩关节功能造成不良影响,因此探讨止点内移长度对肩关节功能的影响具有重要临床意义。Liu等[28]的生物力学研究表明,止点内移3 mm或10 mm对肩袖力臂无显著影响,内移17 mm会显著减小肩袖力臂。Yamamoto等[10]的生物力学研究表明,止点内移超过10 mm会对肩关节活动度造成显著影响,内移17 mm对于老年及低功能要求患者依然是可选方案。本研究纳入患者的止点内移长度平均为10.26 mm,所有患者内移长度均在17 mm以内。结果显示,内移长度≤10 mm与>10 mm两组术后的再撕裂率和肩关节功能评分、活动度及前屈上举肌力差异均无统计学意义,提示止点内移长度可能与术后肩关节功能无显著相关性。该结论与既往生物力学研究结果存在一定差异,当止点内移长度超过10 mm时,肩袖力臂缩短对临床功能并无显著影响。造成这一差异的原因可能与肌肉的代偿功能有关,患者可能通过肌肉力量增强来弥补力臂缩短,这是生物力学试验无法模拟的因素。
综上述,止点内移修复L/MRCT术后肩关节功能恢复良好,未发现术后肌腱完整性或止点内移长度与术后肩关节功能之间存在显著相关性。但本研究存在以下局限性,首先,本研究为回顾性研究且样本量较小,同时仅进行了单因素分析,难以准确评估止点内移对肩袖撕裂修复术后效果的影响以及术后肩袖再撕裂的影响因素;其次,本研究患者纳入条件对临床及影像学随访时间和资料完整性进行了限制,存在选择偏倚;第三,斜冠状位MRI测量内移长度无法真实反映实际的内移距离。
利益冲突 在课题研究和文章撰写过程中不存在利益冲突;项目经费支持没有影响文章观点和对研究数据客观结果的统计分析及其报道
伦理声明 研究方案经北京积水潭医院伦理委员会批准(积伦科审字第202104-19号)
作者贡献声明 郭斯翊;论文写作、数据测量及分析;朱以明、鲁谊:完成手术、数据测量;郑峒、张璞、覃其煌:数据测量及收集;姜春岩:完成手术、论文审阅
Funding Statement
北京积水潭医院院级科研基金青年基金(QN-202102)
Youth Funds of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Institute-level Scientific Research Funds (QN-202102)
References
- 1.Bedi A, Dines J, Warren RF, et al Massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2010;92(9):1894–1908. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Henry P, Wasserstein D, Park S, et al Arthroscopic repair for chronic massive rotator cuff tears: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2015;31(12):2472–2480. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2015.06.038. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Goutallier D, Postel JM, Gleyze P, et al Influence of cuff muscle fatty degeneration on anatomic and functional outcomes after simple suture of full-thickness tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003;12(6):550–554. doi: 10.1016/S1058-2746(03)00211-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Gerber C, Fuchs B, Hodler J The results of repair of massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2000;82(4):505–515. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200004000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Guo S, Zhu Y, Song G, et al Assessment of tendon retraction in large to massive rotator cuff tears: A modified patte classification based on 2 coronal sections on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging with higher specificity on predicting reparability. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(11):2822–2830. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.06.023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Bigliani LU, Cordasco FA, McLlveen SJ, et al Operative repair of massive rotator cuff tears: Long-term results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992;1(3):120–130. doi: 10.1016/1058-2746(92)90089-L. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Harryman 2nd DT, Mack LA, Wang KY, et al Repairs of the rotator cuff. Correlation of functional results with integrity of the cuff. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1991;73(7):982–989. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.DeOrio JK, Cofield RH Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1984;66(4):563–567. doi: 10.2106/00004623-198466040-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Ellman H, Hanker G, Bayer M Repair of the rotator cuff. End-result study of factors influencing reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1986;68(8):1136–1144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Yamamoto N, Itoi E, Tuoheti Y, et al Glenohumeral joint motion after medial shift of the attachment site of the supraspinatus tendon: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(3):373–378. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2006.06.016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.史文骥, 毛宾尧, 朱迎春 关节镜下止点内移缝合修复巨大肩袖撕裂. 中国骨伤. 2020;33(12):1092–1095. doi: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2020.12.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.沈海良, 周骁栋, 叶秋杰 关节镜下肩袖肱骨止点内移技术与传统技术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂的疗效比较. 中国骨伤. 2020;33(4):312–316. [Google Scholar]
- 13.王进, 宁仁德, 陈光, 等 关节镜下肩袖肱骨止点内移技术修复巨大肩袖撕裂. 临床骨科杂志. 2020;23(5):673–676. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0287.2020.05.023. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Lee KW, Lee GS, Yang DS, et al Clinical outcome of arthroscopic partial repair of large to massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: Medialization of the attachment site of the rotator cuff tendon. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12(3):353–363. doi: 10.4055/cios19126. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Lee KW, Moon KH, Ma CH, et al Clinical and radiologic outcomes after medializing and not medializing rotator cuff tendon attachment site on chronic retracted rotator cuff tears. Arthros-copy. 2018;34(8):2298–2307. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.03.015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Kim YK, Jung KH, Won JS, et al Medialized repair for retracted rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(8):1432–1440. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Cofield RH Rotator cuff disease of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1985;67(6):974–979. doi: 10.2106/00004623-198567060-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Goutallier D, Postel JM, Van Driessche S, et al Tension-free cuff repairs with excision of macroscopic tendon lesions and muscular advancement: results in a prospective series with limited fatty muscular degeneration. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(2):164–172. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.07.008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Fuchs B, Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, et al Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8(6):599–605. doi: 10.1016/S1058-2746(99)90097-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Zanetti M, Gerber C, Hodler J Quantitative assessment of the muscles of the rotator cuff with magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Radiology. 1998;33(3):163–170. doi: 10.1097/00004424-199803000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.Richards RR, An KN, Bigliani LU, et al A standardized method for the assessment of shoulder function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3(6):347–352. doi: 10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80019-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22.Sugaya H, Maeda K, Matsuki K, et al Functional and structural outcome after arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repair: single-row versus dual-row fixation. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(11):1307–1316. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.08.011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23.Davidson PA, Rivenburgh DW Rotator cuff repair tension as a determinant of functional outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(6):502–506. doi: 10.1067/mse.2000.109385. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Park SG, Shim BJ, Seok HG. How much will high tension adversely affect rotator cuff repair integrity? Arthroscopy, 2019, 35(11): 2992-3000.
- 25.Takeda H, Urata S, Matsuura M, et al The influence of medial reattachment of the torn cuff tendon for retracted rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(3):316–320. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2006.10.001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26.Kim JY, Park JS, Rhee YG. Can preoperative magnetic resonance imaging predict the reparability of massiverotator cuff tears? Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(7): 1654-1663.
- 27.Cho NS, Rhee YG The factors affecting the clinical outcome and integrity of arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff tears of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Surg. 2009;1(2):96–104. doi: 10.4055/cios.2009.1.2.96. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28.Liu J, Hughes RE, O’Driscoll SW, et al Biomechanical effect of medial advancement of the supraspinatus tendon. A study in cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1998;80(6):853–859. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199806000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


















