Abstract
The work of one Genetic Centre over 16 years, covering about 14 000 kinships, is described. The numbers registered in a year increased from an average of 477 in the early 1960s to 1612 in 1976/1977. The increase is largely, but not entirely, attributable to the advent of prenatal diagnosis, and an account is given of our experience with this. In 1916 patients who had a successful amniocentesis, results indicative of fetal abnormality were found in 4.3% and a balanced translocation was found in an additional 0.9%. Results indicative of fetal abnormality were found in 3.5% of mothers referred because of a maternal age of 40 or more, 3.9% referred because of a high risk of neural tube defect, and 19.3% referred because of a high risk of an inborn error of metabolism. A number of cases with difficult diagnostic problems are described.
Full text
PDF









Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adinolfi A., Adinolfi M., Lessof Alpha-feto-protein during development and in disease. J Med Genet. 1975 Jun;12(2):138–151. doi: 10.1136/jmg.12.2.138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Alberman E., Berry A. C., Polani P. E. Planning an amniocentesis service for Down syndrome. Lancet. 1979 Jan 6;1(8106):50–50. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90497-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blunt S., Berry A. C., Seller M. J., Williams C. A. Prenatal recognition of 4p- syndrome. J Med Genet. 1977 Jun;14(3):232–233. doi: 10.1136/jmg.14.3.232. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brock D. J., Sutcliffe R. G. Alpha-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Lancet. 1972 Jul 29;2(7770):197–199. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)91634-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campbell S., Grundy M., Singer J. D. Early antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida in a twin fetus by ultrasonic examination and alpha-fetoprotein estimation. Br Med J. 1976 Sep 18;2(6037):676–676. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6037.676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fensom A. H., Benson P. F., Babarik A. W., Grant A. R., Jacobs L. Fibroblast phosphodiesterase deficiency in Niemann-Pick disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Feb 7;74(3):877–883. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91600-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fensom A. H., Benson P. F., Baker J. E. A rapid method for assay of branched-chain keto acid decarboxylation in cultured cells and its application to prenatal diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease. Clin Chim Acta. 1978 Jul 1;87(1):169–174. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(78)90072-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fensom A. H., Benson P. F., Blunt S., Brown S. P., Coltart T. M. Amniotic cell 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-glucosidase activity for prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease. J Med Genet. 1976 Apr;13(2):148–149. doi: 10.1136/jmg.13.2.148. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fensom A. H., Benson P. F., Blunt S. Prenatal diagnosis of galactosaemia. Br Med J. 1974 Nov 16;4(5941):386–387. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5941.386. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferguson-Smith M. A. Letter: Prospective data on risk of Down syndrome in relation to maternal age. Lancet. 1976 Jul 31;2(7979):252–252. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91045-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galjaard H. European experience with prenatal diagnosis of congenital disease: a survey of 6121 cases. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1976;16(6):453–467. doi: 10.1159/000130663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holmes L. B. Genetic counseling for the older pregnant woman: new data and questions. N Engl J Med. 1978 Jun 22;298(25):1419–1421. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197806222982511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kohn G., Robinson A. Tetraploidy in cells cultured from amniotic fluid. Lancet. 1970 Oct 10;2(7676):778–779. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90262-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milunsky A. Editorial: Risk of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 1975 Oct 30;293(18):932–933. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197510302931816. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Niermeijer M. F., Sachs E. S., Jahodova M., Tichelaar-Klepper C., Kleijer W. J., Galjaard H. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. J Med Genet. 1976 Jun;13(3):182–194. doi: 10.1136/jmg.13.3.182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Philip J., Bang J., Madsen M. Should the indications for prenatal chromosome analysis be changed? Br Med J. 1977 Oct 29;2(6095):1117–1119. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6095.1117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Polani P. E., Alberman E., Berry A. C., Blunt S., Singer J. D. Chromosome abnormalities and maternal age. Lancet. 1976 Sep 4;1(7984):516–517. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90806-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Polani P. E., Polani N. Chromosome anomalies, mosaicism and dermatoglyphic asymmetry. Ann Hum Genet. 1969 May;32(4):391–402. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1969.tb00091.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ramsay C. A., Coltart T. M., Blunt S., Pawsey S. A., Giannelli F. Prenatal diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum. Report of the first successful case. Lancet. 1974 Nov 9;2(7889):1109–1112. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90870-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sachs E. S., Jahoda M. G., Niermeijer M. F., Galjaard H. An unexpected high frequency of trisomic fetuses in 229 pregnancies monitored for advanced maternal age. Hum Genet. 1977 Apr 7;36(1):43–46. doi: 10.1007/BF00390434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seller M. J. Prenatal diagnosis of a neural tube defect: Meckel syndrome. J Med Genet. 1975 Mar;12(1):109–110. doi: 10.1136/jmg.12.1.109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seller M. Dark-brown amniotic fluid. Lancet. 1977 Nov 5;2(8045):983–984. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90930-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simpson N. E., Dallaire L., Miller J. R., Siminovich L., Hamerton J. L., Miller J., McKeen C. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease in Canada: report of a collaborative study. Can Med Assoc J. 1976 Oct 23;115(8):739–748. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stirling J. L., Robinson D., Fensom A. H., Benson P. F., Baker J. E. Fluorimetric assay for prenatal detection of Hurler and Scheie homozygotes or heterozygotes. Lancet. 1978 Jan 21;1(8056):147–147. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90441-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]