Table 1.
Basal characteristics and clinical and analytical data in patients with and without nosocomial infections.
| Variable | Total (n = 69) | Noninfected = 40 (58%) | Infected = 29 (42.0%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Sex, male (%) | 57 (82.7%) | 31 (77.5) | 26 (89.7) | 0.218 |
| Age, median years (IQR) | 58 (50.5–62.8) | 59 (50–64.5) | 55 (50.6–61.1) | 0.491 |
| Underlying conditions (%): | ||||
| BMI > 25 kg/m2 | 35 (50.7) | 20 (50) | 15 (51.7) | 0.999 |
| Arterial hypertension | 33 (49.3) | 16 (42.1) | 17 (58.6) | 0.222 |
| Cigarette smoking * | 26 (38.8) | 12 (31.6) | 14 (48.3) | 0.365 |
| Stopped smoking > 5 years | 13 (19.4) | 9 (23.7) | 4 (13.8) | 0.365 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27 (40.3) | 13 (34.2) | 14 (48.3) | 0.317 |
| Peripheric vascular disease | 7 (10.4) | 4 (10.5) | 3 (10.3) | 0.999 |
| Cardiac disease | 52 (75.4) | 25 (62.5) | 27 (93.1) | 0.004 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8 (11.8) | 5 (12.5) | 3 (10.7) | 0.999 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (27.5) | 9 (22.5) | 10 (34.5) | 0.290 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (3.4) | 0.420 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 9 (13) | 3 (7.5) | 6 (20.7) | 0.152 |
| Chronic renal replacement | 0 | 05 (12.5) | 0 | - |
| Immunosuppression: | 10 (14.5) | 5 (17.2) | 0.732 | |
| HIV infection (<200 CD4+) | 0 | |||
| Solid tumor with active CT | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| HT neoplasia/HSCT (<5 yrs) | 0 | 3 (7.5) | 0 | - |
| Solid organ transplant | 3 (4.3) | 0 | 0 | 0.258 |
| IS therapy/corticosteroids | 2 (2.9) | 2 (5) | 2 (6.9) | 0.173 |
| Autoimmune disease | 6 (8.7) | 2 (5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.230 |
| 5 (7.2) | 0 | 3 (10.3) | 0.643 | |
| 0 | 0 | - | ||
| Clinical and analytical data before ECMO | ||||
| Lactic acid prior to ECMO | 8.1 (4.9–12.2) | 8.7 (4.75–13.6) | 7.6 (5–10.7) | 0.202 |
| Serum creatinine prior to ECMO | 1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.027 |
| Days of MV before ECMO | 1.3 (0.6–2.0) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 2 (0.5–5.5) | 0.930 |
| Ejective fraction (%) prior to ECMO | 18.1 (11.3–30.8) | 19.1 (10.8–34.2) | 17.3 (11.7–25.6) | 0.374 |
| RBC requirement before ECMO (5 U) (%) |
3 (4.3) | 3 (7.5) | 0 | 0.258 |
| Type of failure (%) | ||||
| Cardiac | 62 (89.9) | 36 (90) | 26 (89.7) | 0.999 |
| Cardiac + respiratory | 5 (7.2) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (6.9) | 0.999 |
| Respiratory | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0.999 |
| ECMO indication: | ||||
| Cardiogenic shock | 38 (55.1) | 21 (52.5) | 17 (58.6) | 0.634 |
| Myocarditis | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0.999 |
| End-stage heart failure | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Cardiac arrest | 21 (30.4) | 11 (27.5) | 10 (34.5) | 0.601 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 8 (11.6) | 6 (15) | 2 (6.9) | 0.453 |
| Arrhythmic storm | 13 (18.8) | 8 (20) | 5 (17.2%) | 0.999 |
| ECMO as bridge to heart Tx (%) | 9 (13%) | 5 (12.5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.999 |
| Cardiac arrest in the last 24 h (%) | 44 (66.7) | 26 (70.3) | 18 (62.1) | 0.600 |
| SOFA score | 7.9 (5.8–10.4) | 8.2 (6.30–10.0) | 7.0 (5.4–10.4) | 0.537 |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 2.8 (1.9–3.7) | 3 (2.0–4.0) | 2.7 (1.86–3.6) | 0.557 |
| Major surgery before ECMO (%) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (5) | 0 | 0.506 |
| Colonization before ECMO (%) | 21 (30.4) | 10 (25) | 11 (37.9) | 0.295 |
| MDR colonization | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Any infection before ECMO (%) | 10 (14.5) | 9 (22.5) | 1 (3.4) | 0.037 |
| Antibiotics >24 h before ECMO (%) | 7 (5.2) | 2 (5) | 3 (10.3) | 0.643 |
BMI: body mass index, IS: immunosuppressive, CT: chemotherapy, Yrs: years, HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplant, HT: hematologic neoplasia, MV: mechanical ventilation, RBC: red blood cells, Tx: transplant.