Table 1.

Demographic information

	Dataset 1: UMAP	Dataset 2: training	Dataset 2: validation	Dataset 3: validation	Dataset 4: training	Dataset 5: validation
Recruitment site	University College London Hospitals, London (UK)	School of Medicine of the Washington University, St. Louis (USA)	School of Medicine of the Washington University, St. Louis (USA)	Iowa Neurological Patient Registry (USA)	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille (FR)	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes (FR)
Conducted analyses	UMAP embedding, NWMA derivation	DSD model training, NWMA derivation, 86 scores	DSD out-of-sample testing, 86 scores	DSD external cohort testing, 1 scores	DSD training-replication, 1 score	DSD external cohort testing-replication,1 score
Demographics
Patients, n	1333	119	20	26	190	193
Males/females, n	748/585	65/54	12/8	12/14	86/104	126/67
Age, years	64 ± 16 (18–97)	54 ± 11 (19–83)	58 ± 12 (34–95)	55 ± 15.7 (14–92)	58.4 ± 15.4 (18–84)	63.7 ± 12 (18–79)
Education, years	NA	13.2 ± 2.5 (5–20)	13.7 ± 2.6 (9–19)	12.4 ± 2.7 (8–20)	NA	NA
Right-handed/left-handed, n	NA	109/10	17/3	25/1	177/13	178/15
MRI
Chronology	1–2 weeks after stroke	14 ± 8 days after stroke	13 ± 4 days after stroke	1.5 ± 4.5 days after stroke	15–30 days after stroke	30 days after stroke
Dominant lesion site	44% right hemisphere 56% left hemisphere	46% right hemisphere 54% left hemisphere	40% right hemisphere 60% left hemisphere	42% right hemisphere 58% left hemisphere	63% right hemisphere 37% left hemisphere	52% right hemisphere 48% left hemisphere
Neuropsychological assessment
Delay after stroke onset, days	NA	393 ± 56	385 ± 22	339 ± 219	52.9 ± 20.8	41 ± 16.9
Delay after MRI scan, days	NA	379 ± 57	373 ± 22	338 ± 219	NA	NA

Values are presented as mean ± SD (range). NA = not available; UMAP = Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection method.