Table 1.
Patient characteristics and 30-day postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with and without preoperative COVID-19
| Characteristics | No Hx of COVID-19 (N = 349,676), No. (%) |
Hx of COVID-19 (N = 37,354), No. (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristics | |||
| Age, years | |||
| Median, (Q1-Q3) | 63 (52, 72) | 61 (49, 70) | <0.001 |
| 18-29 | 15166 (4.3%) | 1625 (4.4%) | <0.001 |
| 30-49 | 60828 (17%) | 7734 (21%) | |
| 50-64 | 111160 (32%) | 12838 (34%) | |
| 65+ | 162522 (46%) | 15157 (41%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 190052 (54%) | ‡20952 (≈56%) | |
| Male | 159505 (46%) | ‡16399 (≈44%) | |
| Missing or Unknown | 119 (<0.1%) | 20 or fewer | |
| Race and Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 257334 (74%) | 25833 (69%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 42740 (12%) | 4867 (13%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 8395 (2.4%) | 810 (2.2%) | |
| Hispanic | 21325 (6.1%) | 3625 (9.1%) | |
| Other or Unknown | 19930 (5.7%) | 2403 (6.4%) | |
| Smoking Status | <0.001 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 304141 (86%) | 33151 (89%) | |
| Current or Former Smoker | 47716 (14%) | 4203 (11%) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 72432 (21%) | 6772 (18%) | |
| 1 | 42341 (12%) | 4412 (12%) | |
| 2 | 63704 (18%) | 6343 (17%) | |
| 3 | 38900 (11%) | 4275 (11%) | |
| 4+ | 132299 (38%) | 15552 (42%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CKD | 22374 (6.4%) | 3862 (10%) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 20816 (6.0%) | 3454 (9.2%) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 21089 (6.0%) | 3134 (8.4%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 39221 (11%) | 5852 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 35956 (10%) | 5875 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 41584 (12%) | 7144 (19%) | <0.001 |
| GERD | 58830 (17%) | 9432 (25%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 100981 (29%) | 14669 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Liver Disease | 5730 (1.6%) | 977 (2.6%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 51446 (15%) | 8920 (24%) | <0.001 |
| Relative Risk of Surgery | 0.058 | ||
| Low Risk | 134385 (38%) | 14364 (38%) | |
| Medium Risk | 166702 (48%) | 17642 (47%) | |
| High Risk | 48589 (14%) | 5348 (14%) | |
| Vaccine Status | <0.001 | ||
| Fully Vaccinated | 48441 (14%) | 5381 (14%) | |
| Non-Fully Vaccinated | 301235 (86%) | 31973 (86%) | |
| 30-day postoperative adverse outcomes | |||
| Composite Adverse Event | 75075 (21.5%) | 8493 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 4791 (1.4%) | 666 (1.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Readmission | 38175 (11%) | 4248 (11%) | 0.008 |
| Any Non-Fatal Complication | 73555 (21%) | 8257 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 9089 (2.6%) | 1020 (2.7%) | 0.13 |
| Cardiac Arrhythmia | 34326 (9.8%) | 3752 (10%) | 0.16 |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | 4648 (1.3%) | 532 (1.4%) | 0.13 |
| Pneumonia | 9623 (2.8%) | 1093 (2.9%) | 0.053 |
| Pulmonary Embolism | 4296 (1.2%) | 519 (1.4%) | 0.008 |
| Renal Failure | 22488 (6.4%) | 2592 (6.9%) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory Failure | 18862 (5.4%) | 2017 (5.4%) | 0.97 |
| Sepsis | 10244 (2.9%) | 1188 (3.2%) | 0.007 |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 9662 (2.8%) | 1045 (2.8%) | 0.71 |
‡
To comply with N3C policy, counts below 20 are displayed as <20 and additional values were skewed by up to 5 in order to render it impossible to back-calculate precise counts in the 'Missing or Unknown’ category. Hx: history; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease.