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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2023 Apr 24;80(6):1297–1310. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20782

Figure 1. Increased cardiopulmonary afferent signaling in the thoracic spinal dorsal horn of MCT and SuHx rats and PAH patients.

Figure 1.

(A) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining with anti-TRPV1 (Green), anti-SP (Red), and DAPI (DNA; blue) from thoracic dorsal gray matter of Control, MCT and SuHx rats. Lower panel shows enlarged view of TRPV1 and SP colocalization (Yellow). N=3 per group. (B) Quantification of TRPV1 and SP immunolocalization (IOD: integrated optical density) in MCT and SuHx rats compared to controls. N=3 per group. ****p<0.0001. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of TRPV1 (Green), SP (Red), and DAPI (DNA; blue) from thoracic dorsal gray matter of Control and PAH patients. Lower panel shows enlarged view of TRPV1 and SP colocalization (Yellow). N=3 per group. (D) Change in RVSP and heart rate after RV-epicardial and pulmonary vascular application of bradykinin (60 μg/mL) in Control and MCT rats. N=5 per group. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.