The above article was published with an incorrect column header in Table 1; this has been corrected below.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and EWGSOP2 definitions
| Variables | FNIH-defined sarcopenia | P value | EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia | P value | EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia | P value | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | No sarcopenia, n 600 (87·1 %) | Sarcopenia, n 89 (12·9 %) | No sarcopenia, n 566 (87·1 %) | Sarcopenia, n 84 (12·9 %) | No sarcopenia, n 350 (52·1 %) | Probable sarcopenia, n 208 (31·0 %) | Sarcopenia, n 93 (13·8 %) | Severe sarcopenia, n 21 (3·1 %) | |||||||||||||
| n | % | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | ||||
| Age (years) | 792 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 348 | 51·9 | 208 | 31·0 | 93 | 13·9 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| 75–79 | 334 | 42·2 | 274 | 92·3 | 23 | 7·7 | 257 | 87·7 | 36 | 12·3 | 187 | 64·5 | 80 | 27·6 | 21 | 7·2 | 2 | 0·7 | |||
| 80–85 | 285 | 36·0 | 218 | 87·9 | 30 | 12·1 | 206 | 88·0 | 28 | 12·0 | 120 | 50·2 | 83 | 34·7 | 31 | 13·0 | 5 | 2·1 | |||
| 85+ | 173 | 21·8 | 106 | 74·6 | 36 | 25·4 | 101 | 83·5 | 20 | 16·5 | 41 | 29·1 | 45 | 31·9 | 41 | 29·1 | 14 | 9·9 | |||
| Mean | 81·1 | 80·6 | 83·3 | <0·0001 | 80·6 | 81·4 | 0·17 | 79·0 | 80·4 | 82·3 | 84·4 | 0·25 | |||||||||
| sd | 4·5 | 4·2 | 5·0 | 4·2 | 4·3 | 3·2 | 4·0 | 4·4 | 5·3 | ||||||||||||
| Marital status | 787 | 594 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 560 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 348 | 52·3 | 206 | 30·9 | 91 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||
| Married/De facto | 596 | 75·7 | 463 | 88·7 | 59 | 11·3 | 435 | 87·3 | 63 | 12·7 | 284 | 55·7 | 150 | 29·4 | 62 | 12·2 | 14 | 2·7 | |||
| Divorced/separated/widowed/never married/other | 191 | 24·3 | 131 | 81·4 | 30 | 18·6 | 0·001 | 125 | 85·6 | 21 | 14·4 | 0·28 | 64 | 41·0 | 56 | 35·9 | 29 | 18·6 | 7 | 4·5 | 0·84 |
| Living arrangement | 791 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 91 | 13·6 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Living alone | 161 | 20·4 | 118 | 85·5 | 20 | 14·5 | 110 | 89·4 | 13 | 10·6 | 64 | 48·9 | 43 | 32·8 | 21 | 16·0 | 3 | 2·3 | |||
| Living with others | 630 | 79·6 | 480 | 87·4 | 69 | 12·6 | 0·41 | 454 | 86·5 | 71 | 13·5 | 286 | 53·1 | 165 | 30·6 | 70 | 13·0 | 18 | 3·3 | 0·85 | |
| Country of birth | 794 | 600 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 566 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·1 | 208 | 31·0 | 93 | 13·8 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Australia | 418 | 52·6 | 316 | 88·3 | 42 | 11·7 | 301 | 88·5 | 39 | 11·5 | 192 | 54·1 | 101 | 28·5 | 51 | 14·4 | 11 | 3·1 | |||
| UK | 36 | 4·5 | 325 | 92·6 | 2 | 7·4 | 24 | 88·9 | 3 | 11·1 | 14 | 45·2 | 8 | 25·8 | 6 | 19·4 | 3 | 9·7 | |||
| Italy | 162 | 20·4 | 119 | 83·8 | 23 | 16·2 | 109 | 82·0 | 24 | 18·0 | 71 | 54·6 | 43 | 33·1 | 13 | 10·0 | 3 | 2·3 | |||
| Greece | 26 | 3·3 | 23 | 88·5 | 3 | 11·5 | 22 | 91·7 | 2 | 8·3 | 12 | 52·2 | 9 | 39·1 | 2 | 8·7 | 0 | 0·0 | |||
| *Other | 152 | 19·1 | 117 | 86·0 | 19 | 14·0 | 0·77 | 110 | 87·3 | 16 | 12·7 | 0·22 | 61 | 45·9 | 47 | 35·3 | 21 | 15·8 | 4 | 3·0 | 0·09 |
| Income | 791 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 349 | 52·1 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Age pension only | 315 | 39·8 | 234 | 84·8 | 42 | 15·2 | 217 | 85·4 | 37 | 14·6 | 126 | 48·3 | 89 | 34·1 | 38 | 14·6 | 8 | 3·1 | |||
| Age pension + another source | 173 | 21·9 | 124 | 87·3 | 18 | 12·7 | 114 | 83·2 | 23 | 16·8 | 66 | 46·2 | 51 | 35·7 | 20 | 14·0 | 6 | 4·2 | |||
| Other source | 303 | 38·3 | 240 | 89·2 | 29 | 10·8 | 0·24 | 233 | 90·7 | 24 | 9·3 | 0·03 | 157 | 59·0 | 68 | 25·6 | 34 | 12·8 | 7 | 2·6 | 0·08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 774 | 594 | 87·2 | 87 | 12·8 | 564 | 87·3 | 82 | 12·7 | 348 | 52·0 | 207 | 30·9 | 93 | 13·9 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Underweight (<22) | 46 | 5·9 | 29 | 85·3 | 5 | 14·7 | 30 | 100·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 3 | 7·1 | 21 | 50·0 | 12 | 28·6 | 6 | 14·3 | |||
| Normal (22–30) | 521 | 67·3 | 406 | 88·5 | 53 | 11·5 | 389 | 88·8 | 49 | 11·2 | 241 | 52·7 | 147 | 32·2 | 55 | 12·0 | 14 | 3·1 | |||
| Overweight/Obese (>30) | 207 | 26·7 | 159 | 84·6 | 29 | 15·4 | 145 | 81·5 | 33 | 18·5 | 104 | 61·2 | 39 | 22·9 | 26 | 15·3 | 1 | 0·6 | |||
| Mean | 27·7 | 27·7 | 28·7 | 0·33 | 27·6 | 29·8 | 0·001 | 28·2 | 27·3 | 28·0 | 25·5 | 0·32 | |||||||||
| sd | 4·0 | 3·8 | 4·4 | 3·8 | 3·9 | 3·5 | 3·9 | 4·6 | 4·2 | ||||||||||||
| PASE | 786 | 594 | 87·0 | 89 13·0) | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 346 | 52·0 | 207 | 31·1 | 92 | 13·8 | 21 | 3·2 | |||||
| Low activity (≤76) | 198 | 25·2 | 164 | 93·2 | 12 | 6·8 | 110 | 78·6 | 30 | 21·4 | 52 | 34·7 | 44 | 29·3 | 41 | 27·3 | 13 | 8·7 | |||
| Moderate activity (77–160) | 390 | 49·6 | 311 | 89·1 | 38 | 10·9 | 292 | 90·7 | 30 | 9·3 | 183 | 53·7 | 108 | 31·7 | 42 | 12·3 | 8 | 2·3 | |||
| High activity (≥161) | 198 | 25·2 | 119 | 75·3 | 39 | 24·7 | <0·0001 | 158 | 87·3 | 23 | 12·7 | <0·0001 | 111 | 63·4 | 55 | 31·4 | 9 | 5·1 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·47 |
| Self-rated health | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Fair/poor/very poor | 204 | 25·8 | 126 | 76·4 | 39 | 23·6 | 118 | 78·1 | 33 | 21·9 | 59 | 37·3 | 51 | 32·3 | 38 | 24·1 | 10 | 6·3 | |||
| Excellent/good | 588 | 74·2 | 473 | 90·4 | 50 | 9·6 | <0·0001 | 447 | 89·8 | 51 | 10·2 | <0·0001 | 291 | 56·7 | 157 | 30·6 | 54 | 10·5 | 11 | 2·1 | 0·20 |
| Cigarette smoking | 786 | 593 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 561 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 347 | 52·0 | 208 | 31·2 | 91 | 13·6 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 318 | 40·5 | 335 | 87·0 | 50 | 13·0 | 227 | 84·7 | 41 | 15·3 | 140 | 50·5 | 83 | 30·0 | 41 | 14·8 | 13 | 4·7 | |||
| Ex-smoker | 440 | 56·0 | 237 | 86·2 | 38 | 13·8 | 314 | 89·0 | 39 | 11·0 | 202 | 54·7 | 110 | 29·8 | 49 | 13·3 | 8 | 2·2 | |||
| Current smoker | 28 | 3·6 | 21 | 95·5 | 1 | 4·5 | 0·46 | 20 | 83·3 | 4 | 16·7 | 0·19 | 5 | 23·8 | 15 | 71·4 | 1 | 4·8 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·72 |
| Alcohol consumption | 786 | 690 | 114 | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 347 | 52·2 | 206 | 31·0 | 91 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||||
| Safe-drinker | 563 | 71·6 | 426 | 87·3 | 62 | 12·7 | 401 | 87·7 | 56 | 12·3 | 248 | 52·4 | 147 | 31·1 | 63 | 13·3 | 15 | 3·2 | |||
| Harmful drinker | 39 | 5·0 | 26 | 78·8 | 7 | 21·2 | 51 | 85·0 | 9 | 15·0 | 33 | 55·0 | 21 | 35·0 | 5 | 8·3 | 1 | 1·7 | |||
| Ex-drinker | 116 | 14·8 | 87 | 86·1 | 14 | 13·9 | 83 | 88·3 | 11 | 11·7 | 53 | 53·0 | 27 | 27·0 | 16 | 16·0 | 4 | 4·0 | |||
| Lifelong non-drinker | 68 | 8·7 | 54 | 91·5 | 5 | 8·5 | 0·53 | 25 | 78·1 | 7 | 21·9 | 0·46 | 13 | 40·6 | 11 | 34·4 | 7 | 21·9 | 1 | 3·1 | 0·36 |
| Co-morbidity (Continuous) | 792 | 599 | 89 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||||
| Mean | 2·5 | 2·33 | 3·30 | <0·000 | 2·31 | 3·23 | <0·000 | 2·19 | 2 44 | 3·18 | 3·19 | 0·89 | |||||||||
| sd | 1·6 | 1·59 | 1·74 | 1·58 | 1·75 | 1·46 | 1·57 | 1·94 | 1·54 | ||||||||||||
| MMSE score (Continuous) | 747 | 570 | 87·7 | 80 | 12·3 | 538 | 87·5 | 77 | 12·5 | 337 | 53·1 | 194 | 30·6 | 86 | 13·5 | 18 | 2·8 | ||||
| Minimum | 15 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Maximum | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | ||||||||||||
| Mean | 27·4 | 27·59 | 26·56 | 0·95 | 27·63 | 26·90 | 0·59 | 27·82 | 27·35 | 27·03 | 25·56 | 0·82 | |||||||||
| sd | 2·8 | 2·69 | 3·05 | 87·5 | 2·99 | 2·44 | 3·04 | 2·78 | 2·77 | ||||||||||||
| Able to prepare own meal | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| No | 32 | 4·0 | 13 | 59·1 | 9 | 40·9 | 10 | 71·4 | 4 | 28·6 | 5 | 29·4 | 3 | 17·6 | 4 | 23·5 | 5 | 29·4 | |||
| Yes | 760 | 96·0 | 586 | 88·0 | 80 | 12·0 | <0·000 | 555 | 87·4 | 80 | 12·6 | 0·04 | 345 | 52·8 | 205 | 31·3 | 88 | 13·5 | 16 | 2·4 | 0·97 |
| Meal service (e.g. MOW) | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Yes | 24 | 3·0 | 13 | 59·1 | 9 | 40·9 | 14 | 87·5 | 2 | 12·5 | 1 | 12·5 | 2 | 25·0 | 2 | 25·0 | 3 | 37·5 | |||
| No | 768 | 97·0 | 586 | 88·0 | 80 | 12·0 | 0·51 | 551 | 87·0 | 82 | 13·0 | 0·82 | 349 | 52·6 | 206 | 31·1 | 90 | 13·6 | 18 | 2·7 | 0·91 |
| Able to grocery shop | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||
| No | 15 | 1·9 | 7 | 70·0 | 3 | 30·0 | 5 | 83·3 | 1 | 16·7 | 7 | 38·9 | 7 | 38·9 | 4 | 22·2 | 0 | 0·0 | |||
| Yes | 777 | 98·1 | 592 | 87·3 | 86 | 12·7 | 0·002 | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 0·07 | 343 | 52·5 | 201 | 30·8 | 88 | 13·5 | 21 | 3·2 | 0·75 |
PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; MOW, Meals on wheels.
Original Table:
Corrected Table:
Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and EWGSOP2 definitions
| Variables | FNIH-defined sarcopenia | P value | EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia | P value | EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia | P value | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | No sarcopenia, n 600 (87·1 %) | Sarcopenia, n 89 (12·9 %) | No sarcopenia, n 566 (87·1 %) | Sarcopenia, n 84 (12·9 %) | No sarcopenia, n 350 (52·1 %) | Probable sarcopenia, n 208 (31·0 %) | Sarcopenia, n 93 (13·8 %) | Severe sarcopenia, n 21 (3·1 %) | |||||||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
| Age (years) | 792 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 348 | 51·9 | 208 | 31·0 | 93 | 13·9 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| 75–79 | 334 | 42·2 | 274 | 92·3 | 23 | 7·7 | 257 | 87·7 | 36 | 12·3 | 187 | 64·5 | 80 | 27·6 | 21 | 7·2 | 2 | 0·7 | |||
| 80–85 | 285 | 36·0 | 218 | 87·9 | 30 | 12·1 | 206 | 88·0 | 28 | 12·0 | 120 | 50·2 | 83 | 34·7 | 31 | 13·0 | 5 | 2·1 | |||
| 85+ | 173 | 21·8 | 106 | 74·6 | 36 | 25·4 | 101 | 83·5 | 20 | 16·5 | 41 | 29·1 | 45 | 31·9 | 41 | 29·1 | 14 | 9·9 | |||
| Mean | 81·1 | 80·6 | 83·3 | <0·0001 | 80·6 | 81·4 | 0·17 | 79·0 | 80·4 | 82·3 | 84·4 | 0·25 | |||||||||
| sd | 4·5 | 4·2 | 5·0 | 4·2 | 4·3 | 3·2 | 4·0 | 4·4 | 5·3 | ||||||||||||
| Marital status | 787 | 594 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 560 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 348 | 52·3 | 206 | 30·9 | 91 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||
| Married/De facto | 596 | 75·7 | 463 | 88·7 | 59 | 11·3 | 435 | 87·3 | 63 | 12·7 | 284 | 55·7 | 150 | 29·4 | 62 | 12·2 | 14 | 2·7 | |||
| Divorced/separated/widowed/never married/other | 191 | 24·3 | 131 | 81·4 | 30 | 18·6 | 0·001 | 125 | 85·6 | 21 | 14·4 | 0·28 | 64 | 41·0 | 56 | 35·9 | 29 | 18·6 | 7 | 4·5 | 0·84 |
| Living arrangement | 791 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 91 | 13·6 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Living alone | 161 | 20·4 | 118 | 85·5 | 20 | 14·5 | 110 | 89·4 | 13 | 10·6 | 64 | 48·9 | 43 | 32·8 | 21 | 16·0 | 3 | 2·3 | |||
| Living with others | 630 | 79·6 | 480 | 87·4 | 69 | 12·6 | 0·41 | 454 | 86·5 | 71 | 13·5 | 286 | 53·1 | 165 | 30·6 | 70 | 13·0 | 18 | 3·3 | 0·85 | |
| Country of birth | 794 | 600 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 566 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·1 | 208 | 31·0 | 93 | 13·8 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Australia | 418 | 52·6 | 316 | 88·3 | 42 | 11·7 | 301 | 88·5 | 39 | 11·5 | 192 | 54·1 | 101 | 28·5 | 51 | 14·4 | 11 | 3·1 | |||
| UK | 36 | 4·5 | 325 | 92·6 | 2 | 7·4 | 24 | 88·9 | 3 | 11·1 | 14 | 45·2 | 8 | 25·8 | 6 | 19·4 | 3 | 9·7 | |||
| Italy | 162 | 20·4 | 119 | 83·8 | 23 | 16·2 | 109 | 82·0 | 24 | 18·0 | 71 | 54·6 | 43 | 33·1 | 13 | 10·0 | 3 | 2·3 | |||
| Greece | 26 | 3·3 | 23 | 88·5 | 3 | 11·5 | 22 | 91·7 | 2 | 8·3 | 12 | 52·2 | 9 | 39·1 | 2 | 8·7 | 0 | 0·0 | |||
| *Other | 152 | 19·1 | 117 | 86·0 | 19 | 14·0 | 0·77 | 110 | 87·3 | 16 | 12·7 | 0·22 | 61 | 45·9 | 47 | 35·3 | 21 | 15·8 | 4 | 3·0 | 0·09 |
| Income | 791 | 598 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 564 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 349 | 52·1 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Age pension only | 315 | 39·8 | 234 | 84·8 | 42 | 15·2 | 217 | 85·4 | 37 | 14·6 | 126 | 48·3 | 89 | 34·1 | 38 | 14·6 | 8 | 3·1 | |||
| Age pension + another source | 173 | 21·9 | 124 | 87·3 | 18 | 12·7 | 114 | 83·2 | 23 | 16·8 | 66 | 46·2 | 51 | 35·7 | 20 | 14·0 | 6 | 4·2 | |||
| Other source | 303 | 38·3 | 240 | 89·2 | 29 | 10·8 | 0·24 | 233 | 90·7 | 24 | 9·3 | 0·03 | 157 | 59·0 | 68 | 25·6 | 34 | 12·8 | 7 | 2·6 | 0·08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 774 | 594 | 87·2 | 87 | 12·8 | 564 | 87·3 | 82 | 12·7 | 348 | 52·0 | 207 | 30·9 | 93 | 13·9 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Underweight (<22) | 46 | 5·9 | 29 | 85·3 | 5 | 14·7 | 30 | 100·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 3 | 7·1 | 21 | 50·0 | 12 | 28·6 | 6 | 14·3 | |||
| Normal (22–30) | 521 | 67·3 | 406 | 88·5 | 53 | 11·5 | 389 | 88·8 | 49 | 11·2 | 241 | 52·7 | 147 | 32·2 | 55 | 12·0 | 14 | 3·1 | |||
| Overweight/Obese (>30) | 207 | 26·7 | 159 | 84·6 | 29 | 15·4 | 145 | 81·5 | 33 | 18·5 | 104 | 61·2 | 39 | 22·9 | 26 | 15·3 | 1 | 0·6 | |||
| Mean | 27·7 | 27·7 | 28·7 | 0·33 | 27·6 | 29·8 | 0·001 | 28·2 | 27·3 | 28·0 | 25·5 | 0·32 | |||||||||
| sd | 4·0 | 3·8 | 4·4 | 3·8 | 3·9 | 3·5 | 3·9 | 4·6 | 4·2 | ||||||||||||
| PASE | 786 | 594 | 87·0 | 89 13·0) | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 346 | 52·0 | 207 | 31·1 | 92 | 13·8 | 21 | 3·2 | |||||
| Low activity (≤76) | 198 | 25·2 | 164 | 93·2 | 12 | 6·8 | 110 | 78·6 | 30 | 21·4 | 52 | 34·7 | 44 | 29·3 | 41 | 27·3 | 13 | 8·7 | |||
| Moderate activity (77–160) | 390 | 49·6 | 311 | 89·1 | 38 | 10·9 | 292 | 90·7 | 30 | 9·3 | 183 | 53·7 | 108 | 31·7 | 42 | 12·3 | 8 | 2·3 | |||
| High activity (≥161) | 198 | 25·2 | 119 | 75·3 | 39 | 24·7 | <0·0001 | 158 | 87·3 | 23 | 12·7 | <0·0001 | 111 | 63·4 | 55 | 31·4 | 9 | 5·1 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·47 |
| Self-rated health | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Fair/poor/very poor | 204 | 25·8 | 126 | 76·4 | 39 | 23·6 | 118 | 78·1 | 33 | 21·9 | 59 | 37·3 | 51 | 32·3 | 38 | 24·1 | 10 | 6·3 | |||
| Excellent/good | 588 | 74·2 | 473 | 90·4 | 50 | 9·6 | <0·0001 | 447 | 89·8 | 51 | 10·2 | <0·0001 | 291 | 56·7 | 157 | 30·6 | 54 | 10·5 | 11 | 2·1 | 0·20 |
| Cigarette smoking | 786 | 593 | 87·0 | 89 | 13·0 | 561 | 87·0 | 84 | 13·0 | 347 | 52·0 | 208 | 31·2 | 91 | 13·6 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 318 | 40·5 | 335 | 87·0 | 50 | 13·0 | 227 | 84·7 | 41 | 15·3 | 140 | 50·5 | 83 | 30·0 | 41 | 14·8 | 13 | 4·7 | |||
| Ex-smoker | 440 | 56·0 | 237 | 86·2 | 38 | 13·8 | 314 | 89·0 | 39 | 11·0 | 202 | 54·7 | 110 | 29·8 | 49 | 13·3 | 8 | 2·2 | |||
| Current smoker | 28 | 3·6 | 21 | 95·5 | 1 | 4·5 | 0·46 | 20 | 83·3 | 4 | 16·7 | 0·19 | 5 | 23·8 | 15 | 71·4 | 1 | 4·8 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·72 |
| Alcohol consumption | 786 | 690 | 114 | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 347 | 52·2 | 206 | 31·0 | 91 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||||
| Safe-drinker | 563 | 71·6 | 426 | 87·3 | 62 | 12·7 | 401 | 87·7 | 56 | 12·3 | 248 | 52·4 | 147 | 31·1 | 63 | 13·3 | 15 | 3·2 | |||
| Harmful drinker | 39 | 5·0 | 26 | 78·8 | 7 | 21·2 | 51 | 85·0 | 9 | 15·0 | 33 | 55·0 | 21 | 35·0 | 5 | 8·3 | 1 | 1·7 | |||
| Ex-drinker | 116 | 14·8 | 87 | 86·1 | 14 | 13·9 | 83 | 88·3 | 11 | 11·7 | 53 | 53·0 | 27 | 27·0 | 16 | 16·0 | 4 | 4·0 | |||
| Lifelong non-drinker | 68 | 8·7 | 54 | 91·5 | 5 | 8·5 | 0·53 | 25 | 78·1 | 7 | 21·9 | 0·46 | 13 | 40·6 | 11 | 34·4 | 7 | 21·9 | 1 | 3·1 | 0·36 |
| Co-morbidity (Continuous) | 792 | 599 | 89 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||||
| Mean | 2·5 | 2·33 | 3·30 | <0·000 | 2·31 | 3·23 | <0·000 | 2·19 | 2 44 | 3·18 | 3·19 | 0·89 | |||||||||
| sd | 1·6 | 1·59 | 1·74 | 1·58 | 1·75 | 1·46 | 1·57 | 1·94 | 1·54 | ||||||||||||
| MMSE score (Continuous) | 747 | 570 | 87·7 | 80 | 12·3 | 538 | 87·5 | 77 | 12·5 | 337 | 53·1 | 194 | 30·6 | 86 | 13·5 | 18 | 2·8 | ||||
| Minimum | 15 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Maximum | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | ||||||||||||
| Mean | 27·4 | 27·59 | 26·56 | 0·95 | 27·63 | 26·90 | 0·59 | 27·82 | 27·35 | 27·03 | 25·56 | 0·82 | |||||||||
| sd | 2·8 | 2·69 | 3·05 | 87·5 | 2·99 | 2·44 | 3·04 | 2·78 | 2·77 | ||||||||||||
| Able to prepare own meal | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| No | 32 | 4·0 | 13 | 59·1 | 9 | 40·9 | 10 | 71·4 | 4 | 28·6 | 5 | 29·4 | 3 | 17·6 | 4 | 23·5 | 5 | 29·4 | |||
| Yes | 760 | 96·0 | 586 | 88·0 | 80 | 12·0 | <0·000 | 555 | 87·4 | 80 | 12·6 | 0·04 | 345 | 52·8 | 205 | 31·3 | 88 | 13·5 | 16 | 2·4 | 0·97 |
| Meal service (e.g. MOW) | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·1 | ||||
| Yes | 24 | 3·0 | 13 | 59·1 | 9 | 40·9 | 14 | 87·5 | 2 | 12·5 | 1 | 12·5 | 2 | 25·0 | 2 | 25·0 | 3 | 37·5 | |||
| No | 768 | 97·0 | 586 | 88·0 | 80 | 12·0 | 0·51 | 551 | 87·0 | 82 | 13·0 | 0·82 | 349 | 52·6 | 206 | 31·1 | 90 | 13·6 | 18 | 2·7 | 0·91 |
| Able to grocery shop | 792 | 599 | 87·1 | 89 | 12·9 | 565 | 87·1 | 84 | 12·9 | 350 | 52·2 | 208 | 31·0 | 92 | 13·7 | 21 | 3·2 | ||||
| No | 15 | 1·9 | 7 | 70·0 | 3 | 30·0 | 5 | 83·3 | 1 | 16·7 | 7 | 38·9 | 7 | 38·9 | 4 | 22·2 | 0 | 0·0 | |||
| Yes | 777 | 98·1 | 592 | 87·3 | 86 | 12·7 | 0·002 | 560 | 87·1 | 83 | 12·9 | 0·07 | 343 | 52·5 | 201 | 30·8 | 88 | 13·5 | 21 | 3·2 | 0·75 |
PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; MOW, Meals on wheels.
Reference
- Das A, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Ribeiro RV, Simpson SJ, Hirani V (2020) Associations between nutrient intakes and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older Australian men: the concord health and ageing in men project. Public Health Nutrition; 1–16. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020003547 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]