. 2023 Apr 19;15(4):e37839. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37839

Table 4. Counts and severity of flares among patients with LN and patients with SLE without LN post-index.

^aIndividual patients may have ≥1 flare.

LN: lupus nephritis; SD: standard deviation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.

SLE flares	LN (N=2310)	SLE without LN (N=2310)	p-value
SLE flare^a
Patients with any SLE flare, n (%)	2282 (98.8)	2205 (95.5)	<0.001
Total SLE flare count, mean (SD)	5 (2.2)	4 (2.2)	<0.001
Patients with mild flare, n (%)	1194 (51.7)	1435 (62.1)	<0.001
Mild flare count, mean (SD)	1.0 (1.3)	1.4 (1.4)	<0.001
Patients with moderate flare, n (%)	2210 (95.7)	2002 (86.7)	<0.001
Moderate flare count, mean (SD)	3.5 (1.7)	2.5 (1.7)	<0.001
Patients with severe flare, n (%)	731 (31.7)	288 (12.5)	<0.001
Severe flare count, mean (SD)	0.5 (0.9)	0.2 (0.4)	<0.001
LN flares^a
Patients with any LN flare, n (%)	2044 (88.5)	66 (2.9)	<0.001
Total LN flare count, mean (SD)	2.3 (1.5)	0 (0.2)	<0.001
Patients with moderate flare, n (%)	1925 (83.3)	60 (2.6)	<0.001
Moderate flare count, mean (SD)	2.0 (1.4)	0 (0.2)	<0.001
Patients with severe flare, n (%)	447 (19.4)	7 (0.3)	<0.001
Severe flare count, mean (SD)	0.3 (0.7)	0 (0.1)	<0.001