Table 1:
Characteristics of pregnant people and pregnancies with and without acute care for cannabis use between January 2015 and July 2021 in Ontario, Canada
| Characteristic | No. (%)* | Standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute care visit for cannabis | No acute care visit for cannabis | ||
| No. of pregnant people | 533 | 690 709 | |
| Age at conception, yr, mean ± SD | 24.4 ± 5.8 | 30.4 (5.9) | 1.04 |
| Age at conception, yr | |||
| 10–18 | 79 (14.8) | 16 666 (2.4) | 0.45 |
| 19–24 | 221 (41.5) | 94 835 (13.7) | 0.65 |
| 25–34 | 206 (38.6) | 411 696 (59.6) | 0.43 |
| ≥ 35 | 27 (5.1) | 167 512 (24.3) | 0.56 |
| Rurality | |||
| Urban | 438 (82.2) | 625 476 (90.6) | 0.25 |
| Rural | 93 (17.4) | 64 087 (9.3) | 0.24 |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | |||
| 1 (lowest) | 215 (40.3) | 151 404 (21.9) | 0.41 |
| 2 | 108 (20.3) | 141 004 (20.4) | 0.00 |
| 3 | 92 (17.3) | 144 675 (20.9) | 0.09 |
| 4 | 65 (12.2) | 138 971 (20.1) | 0.22 |
| 5 (highest) | 49 (9.2) | 113 166 (16.4) | 0.22 |
| Acute care visits for substance use in 2 years before conception | |||
| Any | 118 (22.1) | 6839 (1.0) | 0.70 |
| Alcohol | 41 (7.7) | 3947 (0.6) | 0.36 |
| Opioids | 17 (3.2) | 715 (0.1) | 0.24 |
| Cannabis | 33 (6.2) | 573 (0.1) | 0.36 |
| Other | 54 (10.1) | 2230 (0.3) | 0.45 |
| Unspecified | 16 (3.0) | 361 (0.1) | 0.24 |
| Acute care visits for mental health in the 2 years before conception | |||
| Any | 193 (36.2) | 22 735 (3.3) | 0.91 |
| Mood disorder | 84 (15.8) | 7607 (1.1) | 0.55 |
| Anxiety disorder | 109 (20.5) | 14 465 (2.1) | 0.61 |
| Schizophrenia or psychosis | 40 (7.5) | 1024 (0.1) | 0.39 |
| Deliberate self harm | 53 (9.9) | 3837 (0.6) | 0.43 |
| Other | 51 (9.6) | 2592 (0.4) | 0.43 |
| Outpatient visits for mental health and addiction in the 2 years before conception | |||
| Any | 357 (67.0) | 196 072 (28.4) | 0.84 |
| Family physician | 327 (61.4) | 188 036 (27.2) | 0.73 |
| Psychiatrist | 182 (34.1) | 34 982 (5.1) | 0.79 |
| Chronic health conditions before pregnancy | |||
| Diabetes | 18 (3.4) | 15 147 (2.2) | 0.07 |
| Asthma | 156 (29.3) | 121 923 (17.7) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension | 13 (2.4) | 17 761 (2.6) | 0.01 |
| No. of pregnancies | 540 | 979 858 | |
| Pregnancy outcome | |||
| Live birth | 377 (69.8) | 737 341 (75.2) | 0.12 |
| Stillbirth | 6 (1.1) | 4012 (0.4) | 0.08 |
| Spontaneous abortion | 42 (7.8) | 77 286 (7.9) | 0.00 |
| Induced abortion | 81 (15.0) | 106 358 (10.9) | 0.12 |
| Threatened abortion | 34 (6.3) | 54 861 (5.6) | 0.03 |
| Estimated gestational age at first acute care visit for cannabis use, wk, mean ± SD | 12.2 ± 11.7 | NA | |
| Estimated gestational age at first acute care visit for cannabis use | |||
| First trimester | 361 (66.9) | ||
| Second trimester | 92 (17.0) | ||
| Third trimester | 87 (16.1) | ||
Note: NA = not applicable, SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless indicated otherwise.