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. 2023 May 10;12(10):1357. doi: 10.3390/cells12101357

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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CTCF interactions with histone and DNA demethylases. (a) CTCF interacts with KDM5B and regulates the transcription rate of basal/stem cell genes in luminal breast cancer lines. (b) The interaction of CTCF with KDM4A is involved in the down-regulation of CHD5 gene expression in MCF7 cells. (c) CTCF interaction with TET1 and TET2 proteins is involved in enhancer activation. (d) CTCF can also interact with 5caC, which leads to RNA pol II pausing and alternative exon inclusion of the CD45+ gene. CTCF and TET protein–protein interaction is possible but remains uncharacterized for this mechanism. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 23 April 2023).