Skip to main content
. 2023 May 11;11(5):1269. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269

Figure 3.

Figure 3

An overview of how the mentioned T and B cells can affect periodontal health. Treg and CD8+ T cells produce IL-10 and TGF-β to maintain periodontal health. To maintain periodontal health, T cells produce amphiregulin and IL-17. Antibodies produced by B cells limit periodontal inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released by activated Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells during periodontal disease. A combination of T and B cells produce RANKL, which activates osteoclasts. By clonally activating B cells, Tfh cells can cause local tissue destruction by producing autoantibodies against collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. A lack of Tregs or impaired function probably causes periodontitis. Other cells can also activate osteoclasts by producing IL-17 [45].