(A) Most interordinal diversification occurred in the Cretaceous, coincident with continental fragmentation and sea level changes. A pulse of intraordinal diversification occurred after the mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Green, orange, and yellow shading bounded by gray lines demarcates different time periods. (B) A phylogeny based on divergence times estimated using ~470 kb of near-neutrally evolving sequence for 240 species resolves recalcitrant relationships in the placental mammal phylogeny (black numbers in white circles), including (1) Euarchonta (primates, colugos, and treeshrews), (2) Scrotifera [Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), Cetartiodactyla (terrestrial even-toed ungulates and cetaceans), carnivorans, and bats], (3) Fereuungulata (perissodactyls, cetartiodactyls, carnivorans, pangolins), and (4) Zoomata [perissodactyls and Ferae (carnivorans and pangolins)]. [Species silhouettes are from PhyloPic]