Table 1.
Anthropometrics and demographics of pregnant women. Data are shown as mean and standard deviation (SD) or number and percentage (%). GWG: gestational weight gain.
| Mothers (n = 250) | |
| Age (years) | 32.6 (29.0–37.0) |
| Maternal smoking | 37 (10.8%) |
| Gestational diabetes | 9 (3.6%) |
| Body mass index and nutritional status | |
| Pre–pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 (19.7–24.8) |
| Underweight | 20 (8%) |
| Normal weight | 169 (67.6%) |
| Overweight | 40 (16%) |
| Obese | 21 (8.4%) |
| Education | |
| Primary school | 5 (2%) |
| Secondary school | 37 (14.8%) |
| High school | 117 (46.8%) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 91 (36.4%) |
| Gestational weight gain | |
| GWG (kg) | 13.37 (10.0–17.00) |
| Inadequate | 67 (26.8%) |
| Adequate | 91 (36.4%) |
| Excessive | 92 (36.8%) |
| Delivery | |
| Vaginal | 181 (72.4%) |
| Cesarean | 69 (27.6) |
| Gestational age | 39.1 (38–40) |
| Newborn birth weight (g) | 3383 (3060–3670) |
| Newborn birth length (cm) | 50.6 (49–52) |