Table 5.
Summary of studies reporting the role of natural dietary ingredients in improvements of criteria for sarcopenia and biochemical index related to sarcopenia.
| Natural Dietary Ingredients |
Experimental Model | Experimental Designs |
Treatment | Criteria for Sarcopenia 1 (Mass/Strength/Physical Performance) |
Biochemical Index 2 |
Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botanical and marine extracts (bioactive compound) | |||||||
| Tannase-treated green tea extract | Older adults (>60 yr, 10 males and 57 females) | - placebo-control (n = 34) - Tannase-treated green tea extract (n = 33) |
600 mg/d for 12 weeks |
Mass | = body muscle mass | = follistatin, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IGF-1, cortisol ↓ myostatin |
[123] |
| Strength | ↑ isokinetic flexor strength (right leg), handgrip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ND | ||||||
| Fermented sarco oysters extract | Postmenopausal women with low muscle mass (> 65 yr) |
- placebo-control (n = 23) - Fermented sarco oysters extract (n = 23) |
1000 mg/d for 12 weeks |
Mass | = appendicular skeletal mass/height2 | = CRP ↑ IGF-1 |
[124] |
| Strength | ↑ quadriceps muscle strength, handgrip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ND | ||||||
| Shatavari | Postmenopausal women with low muscle mass (> 60 yr) |
- placebo-control (n = 10) - Shatavari (n = 10) |
1000 mg/d for 6 weeks |
Mass | ND | ND | [125] |
| Strength | ↑ handgrip strength = knee extensor strength |
||||||
| Physical performance | ND | ||||||
|
Ishige okamurae (diphlorethohydroxycarmalol) |
C57BL/6J mice | - young mice (4-month-old) - aged mice (14-month-old) - aged mice with I. okamurae |
50–200 mg/kg/d for 7 weeks |
Mass | ↑ lean mass | ↓ IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | [126] |
| Strength | ↑ grip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ↓ the required time for ladder climbing | ||||||
| Phytochemicals | |||||||
| Cur-SHAP | SD rats | - control rats with saline (12-month-old) - sarcopenic rats with LPS - sarcopenic rats with LPS + Cur-SHAP |
150 mg/kg/d 4 times for 8 weeks |
Mass | ↓ fat/lean mass ratio (%) | ↓ creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT = total protein, calcium |
[105] |
| Strength | ↑ grip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ↑ muscle endurance by treadmill test | ||||||
| Cureit | Older adults (>65 yr, 13 males and 17 females) |
- placebo-control (n = 15) - Cureit (n = 15) |
500 mg/d for 12 weeks |
Mass | ND | ND | [127] |
| Strength | ↑ handgrip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ND | ||||||
| Probiotics | |||||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 | Older adults with frailty (55–85 yr, 25 males and 17 females) | - placebo-control (n = 17) - low-dose TWK10 (n = 12) - high-dose TWK10 (n = 13) |
2 × 1010
or 13; 6 × 1010 CFU/day for 18 weeks |
Mass | ↑ muscle mass | ND | [128] |
| Strength | ↑ handgrip strength | ||||||
| Physical performance | ↑ gait and balance ability ↑ the walking ability, lower-limb muscle strength, and endurance |
||||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 | Balb/c mice | - young mice (7-week-old) - aged mice (81-week-old) - aged mice with HY7715 |
1 × 108 CFU/kg /day for 5 weeks |
Mass | ↑ muscle weight (soleus, gastrocnemius) |
↓ lactate, BUN, creatinine = AST, ALT |
[99] |
| Strength | ↑ grip strength (fore and all limb) |
||||||
| Physical performance | ↑ running endurance (treadmill distance) |
||||||
1,2 ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; =, no change; ND, not determined. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CFU, colony forming unit; Cur-SHAP, curcumin loaded hydrophobic surface-modified hydroxyapatite; CRP, C-reactive protein; Cureit, the novel bioavailable curcumin; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.