Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion	Exclusion
1. Male and female	1. Dairy allergy or intolerance
2. Aged 18–45 years	2. Lower limb injury or surgery in the last 6 months
3. Healthy	3. Lower limb osteoarthritis or other musculoskeletal disorder
4. Physically active (≥ 150–300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week OR 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week)	4. A musculoskeletal or blood blotting disorder
5. Eumenorrheic and not taking any hormonal birth control (females)	5. An allergy to local anaesthetic
	6. Currently pregnant
	7. Current use of blood thinning medications
	8. Volunteers that take part in structured resistance exercise training
	9. Taking supplements considered to be anabolic to skeletal muscle (protein supplements, creatine, or omega-3 supplements)
	10. Consuming more than 1.2 g of protein per kilogramme of body mass per day in their habitual diet
	11. Volunteers involved in other studies at the time of enrolment
	12. Volunteers who have taken part in a tracer study in the past 18 months
	13. If without an understanding of verbal or written English
	14. Volunteers with a history of eating disorders