Skip to main content
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1985 Jun;48(6):517–529. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.48.6.517

The effect of Parkinson's disease on the ability to maintain a mental set.

K A Flowers, C Robertson
PMCID: PMC1028367  PMID: 4009189

Abstract

In two experiments with an Odd-Man-Out choice discrimination task, Parkinsonian subjects had difficulty in alternating between two rules on successive trials. The pattern of errors suggested that the difficulty arises from an instability of cognitive set rather than any loss of reasoning ability, perseveration or increased distractibility.

Full text

PDF
517

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Asso D. W.A.I.S. scores in a group of Parkinson patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1969 May;115(522):555–556. doi: 10.1192/bjp.115.522.555. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BATTIG K., ROSVOLD H. E., MISHKIN M. Comparison of the effects of frontal and caudate lesions on discrimination learning in monkeys. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1962 Aug;55:458–463. doi: 10.1037/h0047328. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beardsley J. V., Puletti F. Personality (MMPI) and cognitive (WAIS) changes after levodopa treatment. Arch Neurol. 1971 Aug;25(2):145–150. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1971.00490020063007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bowen F. P., Burns M. M., Brady E. M., Yahr M. D. A note of alterations of personal orientation in Parkinsonism. Neuropsychologia. 1976;14(4):425–429. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(76)90071-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bowen F. P., Hoehn M. M., Yahr M. D. Parkinsonism: alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking test. Neuropsychologia. 1972 Sep;10(3):355–361. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(72)90027-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bowen F. P., Kamienny R. S., Burns M. M., Yahr M. Parkinsonism: effects of levodopa treatment on concept formation. Neurology. 1975 Aug;25(8):701–704. doi: 10.1212/wnl.25.8.701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Buffery A. W. Learning and memory in baboons with bilateral lesions of frontal or inferotemporal cortex. Nature. 1967 Jun 3;214(5092):1054–1056. doi: 10.1038/2141054a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. COHEN L. Perception of reversible figures after brain injury. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1959 Jun;81(6):765–775. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1959.02340180099013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Celesia G. G., Wanamaker W. M. Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Dis Nerv Syst. 1972 Sep;33(9):577–583. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Drewe E. A. The effect of type and area of brain lesion on Wisconsin card sorting test performance. Cortex. 1974 Jun;10(2):159–170. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(74)80006-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Elithorn A., Lunzer M., Weinman J. Cognitive deficits associated with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and their response to levodopa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975 Aug;38(8):794–798. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.38.8.794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Flowers K. Lack of prediction in the motor behaviour of Parkinsonism. Brain. 1978 Mar;101(1):35–52. doi: 10.1093/brain/101.1.35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Garron D. C., Klawans H. L., Jr, Narin F. Intellectual functioning of persons with idiopathic Parkinsonism. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1972 Jun;154(6):445–452. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197206000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Guthrie T. C., Dunbar H. S., Weider A. L-dopa: effect on highest integrative functions in Parkinsonism. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1970;95:250–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Iversen S. D., Mishkin M. Perseverative interference in monkeys following selective lesions of the inferior prefrontal convexity. Exp Brain Res. 1970 Nov 26;11(4):376–386. doi: 10.1007/BF00237911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lees A. J., Smith E. Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1983 Jun;106(Pt 2):257–270. doi: 10.1093/brain/106.2.257. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Loranger A. W., Goodell H., McDowell F. H., Lee J. E., Sweet R. D. Intellectual impairment in Parkinson's syndrome. Brain. 1972;95(2):405–412. doi: 10.1093/brain/95.2.405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Matthews C. G., Haaland K. Y. The effect of symptom duration on cognitive and motor performance in parkinsonism. Neurology. 1979 Jul;29(7):951–956. doi: 10.1212/wnl.29.7.951. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nauta W. J. Neural associations of the frontal cortex. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 1972;32(2):125–140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nelson H. E. A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex. 1976 Dec;12(4):313–324. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80035-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Olmstead C. E., Villablanca J. R., Marcus R. J., Avery D. L. Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortex ablations in cats. IV. Bar pressing, maze learning, and performance. Exp Neurol. 1976 Dec;53(3):670–693. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(76)90147-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. PROCTOR F., RIKLAN M., COOPER I. S., TEUBER H. L. JUDGMENT OF VISUAL AND POSTURAL VERTICAL BY PARKINSONIAN PATIENTS. Neurology. 1964 Apr;14:287–293. doi: 10.1212/wnl.14.4.287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pearce J. The extrapyramidal disorder of Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol. 1974;12(2):94–103. doi: 10.1159/000114608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pirozzolo F. J., Hansch E. C., Mortimer J. A., Webster D. D., Kuskowski M. A. Dementia in Parkinson disease: a neuropsychological analysis. Brain Cogn. 1982 Jan;1(1):71–83. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(82)90007-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Price K. S., Farley I. J., Hornykiewicz O. Neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: relation between striatal and limbic dopamine. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol. 1978;19:293–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. ROSVOLD H. E., MISHKIN M., SZWARCBART M. K. Effects of subcortical lesions in monkeys on visual-discrimination and single-alternation performance. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1958 Aug;51(4):437–444. doi: 10.1037/h0038337. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rossor M. N. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease as disorders of the isodendritic core. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Dec 12;283(6306):1588–1590. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6306.1588. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rosvold H. E. The frontal lobe system: cortical-subcortical interrelationships. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 1972;32(2):439–460. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sharpe M. H., Cermak S. A., Sax D. S. Motor planning in Parkinson patients. Neuropsychologia. 1983;21(5):455–462. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(83)90002-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Stern Y., Mayeux R., Rosen J., Ilson J. Perceptual motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a deficit in sequential and predictive voluntary movement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983 Feb;46(2):145–151. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.46.2.145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. TALLAND G. A. Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1962 Sep;135:196–205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Vickers D. A cyclic decision model of perceptual alternation. Perception. 1972;1(1):31–48. doi: 10.1068/p010031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Webster D. D. Critical analysis of the disability in Parkinson's disease. Mod Treat. 1968 Mar;5(2):257–282. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES