. 2023 Jun 13;12(12):2361. doi: 10.3390/foods12122361

Table 3.

Contents of organic acids ¹ (mg/100 mL) in ganjang obtained from different provinces.

	Citrate ***^,2	Tartarate ***	Malate ***	Succinate ***	Lactate ***	Formate ***	Acetate ***
GW1	17.8 ± 0.5 ^efgh,3	0.2 ± 0.0 ^p	2.2 ± 0.0 ^lmno	8.5 ± 0.3 ^fghi	67.5 ± 0.2 ^l	3.2 ± 0.0 ^cde	101.7 ± 1.3 ^b
GW2	3.5 ± 0.4 ^no	5.0 ± 0.2 ^klmn	n.d.	1.3 ± 0.0 ⁱ	79.4 ± 2.1 ^l	1.7 ± 0.1 ^de	11.5 ± 0.0 ^no
GW3	6.8 ± 0.3 ^lmn	11.1 ± 0.3 ^ghi	3.9 ± 0.5 ^klm	23.8 ± 1.0 ^cde	185.2 ± 5.0 ^hi	1.9 ± 0.0 ^de	56.5 ± 0.4 ^c
GG1	12.0 ± 0.1 ^jk	7.9 ± 0.1 ^ijk	51.1 ± 0.5 ^c	25.1 ± 0.1 ^cd	223.3 ± 0.2 ^gh	1.7 ± 0.2 ^de	203.6 ± 0.0 ^a
GG2	13.8 ± 0.9 ^ij	1.8 ± 1.0 ^nop	10.1 ± 2.9 ⁱ	15.8 ± 1.7 ^ef	620.4 ± 0.3 ^a	6.3 ± 0.3 ^cde	37.2 ± 0.7 ^e
GG3	18.8 ± 0.3 ^efg	7.0 ± 0.0 ^kl	0.6 ± 0.0 ^no	34.7 ± 3.3 ^b	131.9 ± 3.0 ^jk	5.8 ± 1.6 ^cde	22.9 ± 0.9 ^jk
GG4	16.0 ± 0.0 ^fghi	8.6 ± 0.0 ^hijk	5.9 ± 0.1 ^jk	0.5 ± 0.0 ⁱ	355.9 ± 19.1 ^d	8.5 ± 0.3 ^bcd	205.3 ± 0.7 ^a
GG5	18.3 ± 0.4 ^efgh	21.4 ± 0.1 ^d	49.8 ± 0.2 ^c	27.5 ± 1.0 ^bcd	149.4 ± 9.8 ^ijk	1.2 ± 0.1 ^de	38.6 ± 1.6 ^e
CC1	5.9 ± 0.1 ^mn	33.9 ± 0.1 ^c	58.2 ± 0.5 ^b	33.4 ± 0.6 ^b	236.5 ± 0.9 ^fg	3.3 ± 0.0 ^cde	32.3 ± 0.2 ^fg
CC2	2.2 ± 0.1 ^op	0.9 ± 0.0 ^op	3.1 ± 0.1 ^lmno	30.4 ± 1.5 ^bc	23.0 ± 0.1 ^m	0.3 ± 0.0 ^de	27.5 ± 0.3 ^hi
CC3	29.6 ± 0.3 ^c	3.3 ± 1.3 ^mnop	1.6 ± 0.6 ^mno	2.4 ± 1.2 ^hi	141.1 ± 36.9 ^ijk	0.5 ± 0.5 ^de	25.7 ± 0.6 ^hij
CC4	4.4 ± 1.2 ^no	12.1 ± 0.3 ^gh	3.0 ± 1.5 ^lmno	10.5 ± 1.0 ^fgh	355.7 ± 11.2 ^d	1.6 ± 0.4 ^de	48.5 ± 0.1 ^d
CC5	24.7 ± 2.5 ^d	6.5 ± 0.5 ^klm	10.3 ± 2.7 ⁱ	10.9 ± 0.6 ^fgh	328.0 ± 7.6 ^d	8.1 ± 1.8 ^bcde	49.6 ± 0.5 ^d
CC6	7.9 ± 3.2 ^lm	12.5 ± 2.0 ^g	1.7 ± 0.4 ^mno	32.0 ± 13.0 ^b	160.2 ± 35.9 ^ijk	0.8 ± 0.8 ^de	39.3 ± 0.3 ^e
CC7	13.4 ± 0.3 ^ij	11.6 ± 0.2 ^gh	5.3 ± 0.2 ^jkl	44.4 ± 0.0 ^a	279.4 ± 0.8 ^ef	0.3 ± 0.1 ^de	25.3 ± 0.2 ^hij
CC8	49.4 ± 0.9 ^a	10.7 ± 0.1 ^ghij	10.3 ± 0.1 ⁱ	0.5 ± 0.0 ⁱ	286.1 ± 62.8 ^e	14.7 ± 9.2 ^a	32.6 ± 0.6 ^fg
CC9	20.1 ± 0.8 ^ef	2.4 ± 0.0 ^nop	0.8 ± 0.0 ^mno	2.9 ± 0.0 ^hi	221.3 ± 33.5 ^gh	8.2 ± 7.4 ^bcde	35.0 ± 1.6 ^ef
JL1	9.6 ± 2.2 ^kl	3.2 ± 1.3 ^mnop	n.d.	23.1 ± 0.1 ^cde	46.4 ± 0.1 ^lm	2.4 ± 1.1 ^de	26.0 ± 0.6 ^hij
JL2	12.0 ± 0.5 ^jk	16.0 ± 0.1 ^f	17.8 ± 0.2 ^f	23.0 ± 0.1 ^cde	410.0 ± 27.3 ^c	3.9 ± 0.0 ^cde	37.5 ± 1.8 ^e
JL3	16.8 ± 0.3 ^fghi	35.8 ± 0.6 ^bc	70.0 ± 4.3 ^a	43.7 ± 0.4 ^a	217.6 ± 14.1 ^gh	8.4 ± 2.1 ^bcd	36.7 ± 0.8 ^e
JL4	21.4 ± 1.2 ^e	10.6 ± 3.3 ^ghij	2.6 ± 0.0 ^lmno	11.9 ± 0.1 ^fg	176.5 ± 1.4 ^ij	4.7 ± 0.9 ^cde	39.4 ± 4.7 ^e
JL5	14.6 ± 0.7 ^hij	7.4 ± 0.3 ^jkl	38.8 ± 1.1 ^d	11.5 ± 0.1 ^fg	336.6 ± 2.3 ^d	2.7 ± 0.2 ^cde	21.6 ± 4.8 ^jk
JL6	50.2 ± 3.2 ^a	18.7 ± 1.3 ^e	13.4 ± 0.4 ^gh	1.8 ± 0.0 ⁱ	482.0 ± 55.1 ^b	0.5 ± 0.5 ^de	12.9 ± 0.9 ^mno
JL7	26.4 ± 0.9 ^d	36.7 ± 0.0 ^b	12.3 ± 0.3 ^hi	7.0 ± 0.4 ^ghi	254.5 ± 1.4 ^efg	7.6 ± 4.5 ^bcde	15.8 ± 1.4 ^lm
JL8	17.7 ± 2.5 ^efgh	11.4 ± 3.9 ^gh	9.9 ± 1.0 ⁱ	10.7 ± 0.8 ^fgh	181.3 ± 8.1 ^hij	0.9 ± 0.1 ^de	13.8 ± 0.2 ^mn
GS1	19.1 ± 0.6 ^efg	4.1 ± 0.1 ^lmno	2.5 ± 0.1 ^lmno	2.6 ± 0.1 ^hi	124.0 ± 0.4 ^k	10.2 ± 7.5 ^abc	12.6 ± 2.2 ^mno
GS2	8.5 ± 0.5 ^lm	4.0 ± 2.5 ^lmno	0.3 ± 0.0 ^no	34.9 ± 0.4 ^b	286.4 ± 0.2 ^e	3.8 ± 1.6 ^cde	19.7 ± 0.1 ^kl
GS3	0.1 ± 0.0 ^p	8.6 ± 4.0 ^hijk	0.2 ± 0.3 ^o	2.3 ± 0.1 ^hi	14.1 ± 1.2 ^m	4.7 ± 0.7 ^cde	5.6 ± 0.4 ^p
GS4	15.6 ± 1.3 ^ghij	6.6 ± 0.3 ^klm	3.5 ± 2.6 ^klmn	12.9 ± 10.3 ^fg	156.7 ± 4.1 ^ijk	5.0 ± 2.7 ^cde	22.2 ± 3.8 ^jk
GS5	17.0 ± 2.5 ^fghi	13.7 ± 0.3 ^fg	25.2 ± 0.4 ^e	21.6 ± 0.3 ^de	234.0 ± 1.0 ^fg	4.7 ± 0.3 ^cde	17.8 ± 0.2 ^l
GS6	50.1 ± 1.2 ^a	5.1 ± 0.5 ^klmn	6.2 ± 0.3 ^jk	8.9 ± 8.4 ^fghi	163.5 ± 3.0 ^ijk	n.d.	21.8 ± 1.2 ^jk
GS7	38.9 ± 0.7 ^b	12.2 ± 0.2 ^gh	6.7 ± 0.0 ^j	5.7 ± 0.0 ^ghi	276.9 ± 1.1 ^ef	2.5 ± 0.5 ^cde	9.7 ± 1.5 ^no
GS8	25.7 ± 0.1 ^d	46.8 ± 0.5 ^a	10.5 ± 0.4 ⁱ	21.5 ± 0.1 ^de	246.7 ± 3.3 ^efg	n.d.	29.2 ± 0.9 ^gh
JJ1	25.7 ± 0.1 ^d	46.8 ± 0.5 ^a	10.5 ± 0.4 ⁱ	21.5 ± 0.1 ^de	246.7 ± 3.3 ^efg	13.1 ± 0.4 ^ab	23.3 ± 0.3 ^ijk
JJ2	19.6 ± 5.7 ^efg	12.3 ± 2.8 ^gh	15.0 ± 1.4 ^g	8.1 ± 0.4 ^fghi	132.1 ± 0.8 ^jk	n.d.	16.3 ± 0.2 ^lm
JJ3	27.0 ± 0.8 ^d	13.2 ± 1.4 ^g	15.4 ± 1.6 ^g	16.3 ± 0.4 ^ef	132.3 ± 0.3 ^jk	0.1 ± 0.1 ^e	9.2 ± 6.0 ^o

¹ Mean values ± standard deviations of the three replications. ² *** represents a significant difference among the samples at p < 0.001. ³ Different superscript letters within the same row represent significant differences at p < 0.05 in the SNK multiple comparison test; n.d.: not detected.