Table 3.
Physicochemical characterizations of all unloaded and miconazole nitrate-loaded microemulsions.
| Formulations | Electrical Conductivity a (μS/cm) |
pH a | Apparent Viscosity at 1000 s−1 a (mPa.s) |
Mean Particle Size a (nm) |
Polydispersity Index a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unloaded o/w microemulsions | |||||
| 1. PSM:Ethanol (1:1) | 16.65 (0.02) |
4.7 (0.0) |
38.49 (4.36) |
49 (1) |
0.26 (0.08) |
| 2. PSM:Ethanol (2:1) | 21.80 (0.01) |
5.0 (0.0) |
98.73 (18.15) |
137 (3) |
0.31 (0.01) |
| 3. PSM:Ethanol (3:1) | 13.13 (0.01) |
5.3 (0.0) |
132.34 (5.25) |
251 (8) |
0.49 (0.04) |
| 4. PSM:2-Propanol (1:1) | 8.00 (0.02) |
5.3 (0.0) |
30.96 (1.88) |
70 (1) |
0.42 (0.12) |
| 5. PSM:2-Propanol (2:1) | 7.54 (0.03) |
5.5 (0.0) |
73.67 (0.45) |
181 (1) |
0.48 (0.10) |
| 6. PSM:2-Propanol (3:1) | 9.26 (0.01) |
5.1 (0.0) |
107.28 (2.82) |
305 (8) |
0.60 (0.14) |
| 7. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (1:1) | 11.85 (0.01) |
4.6 (0.0) |
61.16 (0.33) |
200 (4) |
0.46 (0.06) |
| 8. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (2:1) | 11.52 (0.03) |
4.7 (0.0) |
117.34 (8.17) |
287 (8) |
0.51 (0.10) |
| 9. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (3:1) | 10.52 (0.03) |
4.7 (0.0) |
169.76 (8.32) |
372 (9) |
0.59 (0.16) |
| 1% w/w Miconazole nitrate-loaded o/w microemulsions | |||||
| 1. PSM:Ethanol (1:1) | 101.50 (0.01) |
4.6 (0.0) |
40.37 (8.17) |
54 (2) |
0.22 (0.10) |
| 2. PSM:Ethanol (2:1) | 72.50 (0.02) |
4.7 (0.0) |
84.14 (4.66) |
156 (7) |
0.31 (0.11) |
| 3. PSM:Ethanol (3:1) | 55.60 (0.02) |
4.7 (0.0) |
133.52 (4.62) |
275 (12) |
0.35 (0.20) |
| 4. PSM:2-Propanol (1:1) | 66.80 (0.01) |
4.6 (0.0) |
26.27 (2.91) |
73 (1) |
0.48 (0.06) |
| 5. PSM:2-Propanol (2:1) | 54.70 (0.03) |
5.0 (0.0) |
67.11 (7.68) |
188 (4) |
0.50 (0.07) |
| 6. PSM:2-Propanol (3:1) | 47.00 (0.00) |
5.0 (0.0) |
102.74 (10.03) |
328 (13) |
0.61 (0.13) |
| 7. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (1:1) | 55.20 (0.00) |
4.5 (0.0) |
59.78 (4.67) |
208 (1) |
0.46 (0.03) |
| 8. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (2:1) | 43.00 (0.00) |
4.6 (0.0) |
111.28 (8.02) |
318 (18) |
0.40 (0.08) |
| 9. PSM:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (3:1) | 34.50 (0.00) |
4.4 (0.0) |
185.36 (7.38) |
404 (14) |
0.47 (0.04) |
a Mean of triplicate experiments; numbers in parentheses represent SD values; PSM = polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.