Abstract
The frequency of dementia, the clinical characteristics and the pattern of cognitive impairment were studied in 147 unselected Parkinsonian patients. Twenty-one patients (14.28%) were judged to be demented. They had a more severe and widespread cognitive deficit although they were affected particularly in those tests that already discriminated Parkinsonian patients from controls. A direct comparison of Parkinsonian dementia with other types of dementia is needed to validate the concept of subcortical dementia.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benton A. L., Varney N. R., Hamsher K. D. Visuospatial judgment. A clinical test. Arch Neurol. 1978 Jun;35(6):364–367. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1978.00500300038006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boller F., Passafiume D., Keefe N. C., Rogers K., Morrow L., Kim Y. Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease. Role of perceptual and motor factors. Arch Neurol. 1984 May;41(5):485–490. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1984.04050170031011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bowen F. P., Hoehn M. M., Yahr M. D. Parkinsonism: alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking test. Neuropsychologia. 1972 Sep;10(3):355–361. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(72)90027-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown R. G., Marsden C. D. How common is dementia in Parkinson's disease? Lancet. 1984 Dec 1;2(8414):1262–1265. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92807-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown R. G., Marsden C. D. Visuospatial function in Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1986 Oct;109(Pt 5):987–1002. doi: 10.1093/brain/109.5.987. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Celesia G. G., Wanamaker W. M. Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Dis Nerv Syst. 1972 Sep;33(9):577–583. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cools A. R., van den Bercken J. H., Horstink M. W., van Spaendonck K. P., Berger H. J. Cognitive and motor shifting aptitude disorder in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 May;47(5):443–453. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.47.5.443. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Della Sala S., Di Lorenzo G., Giordano A., Spinnler H. Is there a specific visuo-spatial impairment in Parkinsonians? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Nov;49(11):1258–1265. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.49.11.1258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elizan T. S., Sroka H., Maker H., Smith H., Yahr M. D. Dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Variables associated with its occurrence in 203 patients. J Neural Transm. 1986;65(3-4):285–302. doi: 10.1007/BF01249089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Girotti F., Carella F., Grassi M. P., Soliveri P., Marano R., Caraceni T. Motor and cognitive performances of parkinsonian patients in the on and off phases of the disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Jun;49(6):657–660. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.49.6.657. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Girotti F., Soliveri P., Carella F., Geminiani G., Aiello G., Caraceni T. Role of motor performance in cognitive processes of parkinsonian patients. Neurology. 1988 Apr;38(4):537–540. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.4.537. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Halgin R., Riklan M., Misiak H. Levodopa, parkinsonism, and recent memory. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1977 Apr;164(4):268–272. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197704000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huber S. J., Shuttleworth E. C., Paulson G. W. Dementia in Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol. 1986 Oct;43(10):987–990. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1986.00520100009006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Isaacs B., Kennie A. T. The Set test as an aid to the detection of dementia in old people. Br J Psychiatry. 1973 Oct;123(575):467–470. doi: 10.1192/bjp.123.4.467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lees A. J., Smith E. Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1983 Jun;106(Pt 2):257–270. doi: 10.1093/brain/106.2.257. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lieberman A., Dziatolowski M., Kupersmith M., Serby M., Goodgold A., Korein J., Goldstein M. Dementia in Parkinson Disease. Ann Neurol. 1979 Oct;6(4):355–359. doi: 10.1002/ana.410060409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marttila R. J., Rinne U. K. Dementia in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 Nov;54(5):431–441. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04375.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matison R., Mayeux R., Rosen J., Fahn S. "Tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 1982 May;32(5):567–570. doi: 10.1212/wnl.32.5.567. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mortimer J. A., Pirozzolo F. J., Hansch E. C., Webster D. D. Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 1982 Feb;32(2):133–137. doi: 10.1212/wnl.32.2.133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PROCTOR F., RIKLAN M., COOPER I. S., TEUBER H. L. JUDGMENT OF VISUAL AND POSTURAL VERTICAL BY PARKINSONIAN PATIENTS. Neurology. 1964 Apr;14:287–293. doi: 10.1212/wnl.14.4.287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pirozzolo F. J., Hansch E. C., Mortimer J. A., Webster D. D., Kuskowski M. A. Dementia in Parkinson disease: a neuropsychological analysis. Brain Cogn. 1982 Jan;1(1):71–83. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(82)90007-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pollock M., Hornabrook R. W. The prevalence, natural history and dementia of Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1966 Sep;89(3):429–448. doi: 10.1093/brain/89.3.429. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reitan R. M., Boll T. J. Intellectual and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1971 Dec;37(3):364–369. doi: 10.1037/h0032005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor A. E., Saint-Cyr J. A., Lang A. E. Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. The cortical focus of neostriatal outflow. Brain. 1986 Oct;109(Pt 5):845–883. doi: 10.1093/brain/109.5.845. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Smet Y., Ruberg M., Serdaru M., Dubois B., Lhermitte F., Agid Y. Confusion, dementia and anticholinergics in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982 Dec;45(12):1161–1164. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.45.12.1161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- el-Awar M., Becker J. T., Hammond K. M., Nebes R. D., Boller F. Learning deficit in Parkinson's disease. Comparison with Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Arch Neurol. 1987 Feb;44(2):180–184. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520140048016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]