Abstract
Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease do not appear to be distributed smoothly with respect to year of birth. Individuals born within the years 1892, 1904, 1909, 1918, 1919 and 1929 appear to have had an increased risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease in later life. These years are close to those of the influenza pandemics of the period 1890-1930. The estimated risk of an individual developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease shows a significant correlation with the crude influenza mortality for the year of his birth, within the range 1900 to 1930. It is suggested that intra-uterine influenza may be cytotoxic to the developing foetal substantia nigra, and that an affected individual may be born without evident disability but with limited striatal neurochemical reserves and a reduced nigral cell count. In later life normal cellular involution with ageing or exposure to environmental neurotoxic factors may further erode these reserves to a level where the substantia nigra fails and idiopathic Parkinson's disease becomes clinically apparent.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ADO A. D., ALEKSEYEVA T. M. On the toxic effect of influenza virus on the sympathetic nervous system. Acta Virol. 1957 Jul-Dec;1(3-4):161–166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DUVOISIN R. C., YAHR M. D., SCHWEITZER M. D., MERRITT H. H. PARKINSONISM BEFORE AND SINCE THE EPIDEMIC OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA. Arch Neurol. 1963 Sep;9:232–236. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1963.00460090038003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Godwin-Austen R. B., Lee P. N., Marmot M. G., Stern G. M. Smoking and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;45(7):577–581. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.45.7.577. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kessler I. I. Parkinson's disease in epidemiologic perspective. Adv Neurol. 1978;19:355–384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marttila R. J., Halonen P., Rinne U. K. Influenza virus antibodies in Parkinsonism. Comparison of postencephalic and idiopathic Parkinson patients and matched controls. Arch Neurol. 1977 Feb;34(2):99–100. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1977.00500140053010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POSKANZER D. C., SCHWAB R. S. COHORT ANALYSIS OF PARKINSON'S SYNDROME: EVIDENCE FOR A SINGLE ETIOLOGY RELATED TO SUBCLINICAL INFECTION ABOUT 1920. J Chronic Dis. 1963 Sep;16:961–973. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(63)90098-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartz J., Elizan T. S. Search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic Parkinson disease brain material. Ann Neurol. 1979 Sep;6(3):261–263. doi: 10.1002/ana.410060314. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]